This thesis deals with issues pertaining to ethno-cultural identities. I recognize that terms used to denote ethno-cultural groups are often evolving and that, consequently, some terms are contested if they no longer fit the needs of a community and s . . .

This thesis focuses on whether there is conclusive evidence of mammoth utilization by humans at Owl Cave. Archaeologists should intensely scrutinize any mammoth kill site and should explore all avenues of inquiry. Taphonomic analysis is necessary to e . . .

Xylem is a complex vascular tissue that performs several functions related to the growth and survival of woody plants. These functions include the transport of water, biomechanical support, and the storage of water and nutrients. Trees are large organ . . .

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Title IX “Not Anymore” training’s effectiveness among students at the main CSU Bakersfield campus and see if there are any cultural, sex, age, or student status differences among the responses. “Not Anymor . . .

Tulare Lake, CA, is the terminus of several major rivers fed by Sierra Nevada stream discharge. Over the last several decades, the study of Tulare Lake sediments has established the climate history for the Pleistocene and Holocene. In this study, Late . . .

Global-change-type drought has resulted in large numbers of woody plants suffering mortality in California during the most recent droughts from 2012-2018. These droughts are ecological droughts that impact ecosystems and trigger responses. The factors . . .

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between elevated trace metal contaminants and the incorporation of these contaminants into the tests of benthic foraminifera. Lake Macquarie, north of Sydney in New South Wales, was chosen as th . . .

Research has shown an increase in the national incidence rates of diabetes. National diabetes trends increase yearly along with associated co-morbidity. The diabetic population is at high-risk for an amputation and lower-extremity amputations in this . . .

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Jones Act (Merchant Marine Act of 1920), to assess if it has achieved its main goals and to measure what type of impact it’s had on the US economy, specifically that of Alaska, Hawaii, Guam and Puerto Rico. . . .

Recent studies show the changing religious landscape of the United States, with a distinct rise in the unaffiliated, also referred to as the “rise of the nones” (Keysar 2014, Pew Research Center 2017). Scholars continue to debate the causes behind thi . . .

To improve health literacy in an agricultural region, Kern Family Health Care has funded Buttonwillow School and community partners to inaugurate a school wellness committee (SWC) and implement a school wellness plan (SWP). The purpose of this SWP is . . .

The Housing Choice Voucher Program that is administered by the Housing Authority of the County of Kern is income-based. This standard approach of issuing rental subsidies that ties rent to the percentage of income is defective because it inclines fami . . .

The meaning of a mentor has evolved in time due to the effects of generational differences. At the time, the Millennial Generation in healthcare is developing in their careers with the guidance from a different generation. Literature indicates that t . . .

Hospitals can be noisy because patients are being monitored 24 hours a day. Hospital staffs are constantly in-and-out of patient rooms checking vitals, drawing blood, or checking-in on the patient's well-being; consequently, the patient's sleep is at . . .

This program proposal aims to shed light on the importance of internships and the impact they can have for both universities and partnering business. Currently, the County of Kern and California State University Bakersfield lack a well-structured and . . .

This paper proposes a comprehensive annual community survey for the Bakersfield, California Police Department. The proposed community survey will annually measure community attitudes and perceptions of the BPD to monitor improvements or changes in per . . .

Invasive annual grasses of mediterranean origin dominate large areas in the arid and semi-arid regions of the San Joaquin Valley in California and create numerous management challenges. Much of the invaded habitat would be native saltbush shrub commun . . .

The emplacement of silicic lavas is a rarely observed phenomenon and most of what is known about the processes is interpreted from ancient lavas. Recent lava emplacements in Chile have challenged existing models of lava emplacement and suggest that si . . .

Coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley Fever, is a re-emerging infectious disease of the American continent. Coccidioidomycosis is a respiratory disease caused by the inhalation of arthroconidia produced by the dimorphic ascomycete fungi Coccidioide . . .

To address its contribution to climate change, California has adopted landmark legislation such as EO S-3-05, AB 32, EO B-30-15, SB 32, and AB 197. Currently California is on track to meet the goal of reducing GHG emissions in 2020 to 1990 levels. How . . .

The weight room facility at Cal State University Bakersfield (CSUB) does not meet the accreditation standards of the AAAHC and has not had a structural revision since 1985. The benefit-cost analysis and BCR were used to analyze alternative projects fo . . .

The growing community of Bakersfield, California, is home to a variety of unique plant and animal species, some which are in danger of becoming extinct. As development occurs, critical habitat for these species is sometimes lost. Fortunately, there is . . .

This paper analyzes the impact of the Middle-Class Scholarship by detailing who receives the scholarship and in what amount. This leads further into analyzing the impact of reduced or increased student debt at graduation, the relationship that debt ha . . .

Higher educational institutions adhere to an annual goal of increasing retention and graduation rates. In order to meet their goals, colleges and universities need to offer appropriate resources in order to effectively assist their students. The liter . . .

For most of us, our perception of others has an indirect impact on our interactions with them. For example, as you’re walking down the street, you might perceive an individual walking towards you as intimidating or dangerous. The thought that they wil . . .

Past and current research has shown that the construct of Black masculinity has yet to be clearly defined (Belgrave and Brevard 2015; Ferber 2007: Connell 2005; Courtenay 2000). With no clear definition of Black masculinity, some theorists have argued . . .

Over the period of last fifteen years, quality indicators and performance measures of health care quality have undergone many updates. The measures that were the core quality measures once were overachieved by hospitals and are not the performance ind . . .

In order to further investigate the presence of these antibiotic biosynthetic pathways, this study focused on ten genes and the identification of genes that code for enzymes in these antifungal and antibacterial pathways; Flagellin (hag), Mucosubtilin . . .

Previous research has shown violent video games can lead to temporarily heighted aggressive states and desensitization to violence in gamers. Within video game communities, there exist elevated levels of overt toxic behaviors and standards, including . . .

Using Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, this thesis examines neoliberal ideology as a fragmented hegemon that legitimizes itself through other cultural projects. Using narrative analysis, I produce speech excerpts from the Reagan administration to the Tru . . .

For decades, video game culture has produced patriarchal standards and ideals that produce inequality for the women in this community. The question this research seeks to answer is whether Twitch, a new video platform popular within the video game com . . .

When it comes to minimum wage it is a complex subject to grasp, since it affects everyone and the economy as a whole. Even economist’s perspectives vary amongst them on the effect that raising the minimum wage has on society. For example, some economi . . .

The most invidious issue firefighter families face is having the firefighter absent for extended periods of time. It was found that even though the regular schedule—whether it be 2 days on 2 days off, 1 day on 2 days off, or some other regularly repea . . .

Sexually transmitted diseases, STDs, are spreading drastically all over the United States, but drastically in Kern County. Kern county’s rates are higher compared to California’s level. There are plenty of resources available to people, the question i . . .

This Analysis of Alternatives serves as a push for a federal recycling redemption act. Though this analysis of various state recycling and redemption programs, policy and program elements beneficial to a proposed Federal Recycling Redemption Act will . . .

Islamophobia is a real problem in the United States. It has slowly made its way to school campuses across the nation, especially after the election of President Trump. Muslim students in the United States face a new sort of bullying on and off school . . .

Health care has been labeled as a predominantly pink-collared profession where women make up the majority. Despite being in the majority, women’s representation decreases significantly as the organizational ladder rises. The study was based on the ste . . .

Adolescent suicide has been increasing at an alarming rate across the nation and within Kern County. The number of adolescent suicides in Kern County illustrates the need for the county to actively participate to remedy the existence of this problem. . . .

Today and throughout history ever since Intercollegiate Athletics has come into existence you will find plenty of problems that universities and schools have run into. First starting off in the 40’s and 50’s, women weren’t even thought of in playing a . . .

Privatization has increasingly gained prominence as one of the engines for economic growth and development. In fact, the success of this process in some nations has prompted others to consider implementing it because of its benefit in stimulating econ . . .

My results suggest that Desert Kit Foxes in the Mojave Desert in California prefer to consume rodents and invertebrates, but will prey upon a variety of other items, especially when preferred prey has declined due to drought or seasonal conditions. O . . .

Federal law mandates that students with disabilities be educated in the least restrictive environment to provide them with equal opportunities to access state curriculum just as their peers without disabilities. General education teachers often do not . . .

The issues associated with the foster care system are not a recent phenomenon. In fact, society has been dealing with such issues for at least a century. In the early 1900’s, children became orphans or lived in the streets and were in need of a safe h . . .

Juvenile recidivism is a current social issue that needs to be addressed. Juvenile delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit an illegal act. According to Harris (2015), in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71,923 youth. Depe . . .

The purpose of this research is to assess health outcomes of Hispanics in Kern County in comparison to Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW’s) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB’s) by doing a comparative analysis between the groups on factors such as insurance coverage . . .

This paper proposes a comprehensive employee evaluation system that combines the MBO approach with the Psychological Contract approach. The MBO and the Psychological Contract methods, when combined, are the best approaches for improving managerial and . . .

The increase in childhood obesity has gained much attention from health care professionals, health policy experts, children’s advocates, and parents. All are concerned that today’s overweight and obese children will turn into tomorrow’s overweight and . . .

ccording to the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) annual report, about 10,000 qualified International Medical Graduates (IMGs), who passed the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLEs), apply annually to residency training programs . . .

Diabetes is a major health problem especially in Hail City, Saudi Arabia owing to lack of physical activities in their lifestyles. Studies by Ahmed et al (2014), Haque (2014), and Al-Herbish et al (2008) are all of the observation that children within . . .

The Wonderful Company is providing their employees with two wellness centers for the employees and dependents that work for this company. The centers are located in California’s Central Valley, which is known for having many health disparities like di . . .

This study was conducted as a continuous quality improvement project designed to help change an organization’s approach to safeguarding protected health information (PHI). The organization’s leadership has inherited the organization’s long standing ne . . .

Although air quality in the San Joaquin Valley, home to more than 4.1 million residents, has improved significantly during the last twenty years, the Valley remains in extreme non-attainment of federal standards set under the Clean Air Act of 1990 (Un . . .

Patients in nursing homes, long-term care, and other healthcare organizations use either call lights or an alternate tool to request assistance from the nursing staff. Sometimes, these requests are not met in a timely fashion. In this report, recommen . . .

Residents expect to receive care by health care providers in residential care facilities. Health care providers are knowledgeable and skilled in what each person does. The existing problem at care facilities is a continuation of residents’ complaints . . .

Nutrition plays an important role in all lives as it gives us the mental and physical strength to increase our well-being. In order to improve nutritional status, eating food will allow individuals body to continue to function in addition to giving th . . .

Invaluable research has been provided by various organizations that give researchers and scholars the ability to compare quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates on a local, state, national, and global level . . .

The southern Sierra Nevada Region, California is currently responding to a delaminating lithospheric root remnant. Stream profile analysis of the Kern River and feeding tributaries was used to investigate the nature and timing of the dynamic topograph . . .

During the Late Eocene to Early Miocene, northern Mexico was affected by widespread silicic magmatism and extension coeval with the westward migration of the Cordilleran volcanic arc, forming the 300,000 km2 Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) plateau. The . . .

Graduation rates for African-American students at California State University Bakersfield (CSUB) were slightly lower than the national average ranging from 16.3 percent to 38.1 percent between 1995 and 2007. African-American graduation rates during t . . .

Much has been said and written about the necessity of universities to help students develop the skills and attitudes which will allow them to function successfully in an interdependent and interconnected world. Study abroad programs encompass this gen . . .

The bulk and clay mineralogy of sediments from Tulare Lake recovered from core TL05-4A were examined to identify sediment sources of the terrigenous lake sediments and to interpret paleoenvironmental change since the most recent glacial maximum (~25 k . . .

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore Nigerian immigrants’ lived experiences of cultural diversity in the workplaces in California State, United States of America and obtain a holistic understanding of their experiences and facilit . . .

The fragmented Paleozoic passive margin of Cordilleran North America, its Precambrian basement, and its Mesozoic cover are preserved in metasedimentary and metavolcanic crustal fragments known as roof pendants within the Sierra Nevada batholith. This . . .

The widespread presence of Neogene and Quaternary units in the southeastern San Joaquin Valley provide evidence for the tectonic evolution of the Bakersfield Arch, an area of major oil production in California. The purpose of this study is to test two . . .

A potential approach to lower the release of anthropogenic CO₂ into the atmosphere is carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). CCS is the process of capturing CO₂ from high-CO₂emission facilities, compressing it into a supercritical state (CO2 (sc)), a . . .

The McKittrick oil field is located near the western edge of the San Joaquin basin approximately 60 km west of Bakersfield and just north-east of the McKittrick thrust fault. The oil field is currently in production with over 480 producing wells. The . . .

The Rio Bravo oil field is located about fifteen miles northwest of Bakersfield, California. The zone of importance is the Vedder Sandstone, which is about 1,250 ft (380 m) in thickness. The thin (<100 ft, 30 m) Miocene Rio Bravo sandstone, which unco . . .

The lacustrine Amnicola Clay separates the upper and lower members of the Pleistocene-aged Tulare Formation at the Elk Hills oilfield in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California. The Tulare Clay is found within the upper Tulare Formation south of t . . .

As the ninth largest city in California, Bakersfield drastically lacks the resources to provide adequate exercise and fitness centers for its community (United States Census Bureau, 2014). Aside from the typical corporate gyms such as InShape, Body Xc . . .

Many school districts are finding it difficult to service a large and growing percentage of students who have challenging behaviors that impede their learning. As more and more students with challenging behaviors are struggling in the classroom, the a . . .

Recent concerns about well stimulation and oilfield disposal practices has resulted in the desire to learn more about the distribution of usable groundwater that might be impacted by these practices. Waters that require protection are classified by th . . .

The Rio Bravo oil field is located about fifteen miles northwest of Bakersfield, California. The zone of importance is the Vedder Sandstone, which is about 1,250 ft (380 m) in thickness. The thin (<100 ft, 30 m) Miocene Rio Bravo sandstone, which unco . . .

There seems to be a general resistance to humanizing or analyzing the motivations and inner lives of these “evil” women. In my opinion, if Shakespeare wrote such a fully developed character in Cordelia, who only appears alive in four scenes of the pla . . .

Chemicals are often sequestered by various organisms to defend against predators by making prey noxious, and in some cases, toxic. Sequestration has been observed in various taxa, however, there are few vertebrate examples available. Further, little i . . .

Tulare Lake level predominantly fluctuates due to varying amounts of runoff from the Sierra Nevada as a result of changes in regional climate. It is important to constrain the details of such change because they allow us to capture the range of natura . . .

The focus of this project is to explore how employers in Bakersfield experience recruitment and retention and to recommend the adoption of specific programs and activities that may improve the Kern County Mental Health Departments ability to attract a . . .

Paleontological, geochemical, and geophysical data from pluvial Summer Lake, Oregon, western Great Basin are the basis for a high resolution paleoclimate record during a time interval (38-34 ka) including the Mono Lake Excursion, Dansgaard-Oeschger in . . .

The Yashkun are a Dardic-speaking ethnic group who live in Gilgit-Baltistan in extreme northern Pakistan. Most researchers assert that the Yashkun are immigrants to northern Pakistan from Central Asia. However, other authorities maintain that the Yash . . .

I present seventeen new U-Pb and eight 40Ar/39Ar ages from a previously unstudied geological traverse across the central Sierra Madre Occidental silicic large igneous province along the Chihuahua-Durango state border in Mexico. These data indicate pro . . .

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the strategies biracial and interethnic individuals use in self-identification of racial/ethnic identity. In the United States, multiracial/ethnic individuals have socio-historically been expected to ide . . .

The purpose of this study is to test models of millennial-scale climate response to hemispheric-scale drivers during the late Pleistocene in northwestern North America. Towards this end, a 12.5-10.5 mbgs section of the BB3-I core, spanning 38-35 ka in . . .

A Holocene paleoclimate record for northern central Chile has been constructed using two lacustrine cores from the high-elevation Andes at ~30° S latitude. The 1.37-m Laguna Cerritos Blancos (LCB) core has been dated from 0-4.0 cal kyr BP using paleom . . .

The Panoche Giant Injection Complex (PGIC), Panoche Hills, CA is one of the best exposed sand injectite complexes in the world with all of the constituent units observable over a 300-400 km2 area. The PGIC offers unparalleled access to a regionally d . . .

For the bulk of my project, I will be using the Oxford English Dictionary to single out words recorded for the first time in three plays (Hamlet, King Lear, and The Tempest). The tragedies, Hamlet and King Lear, were chosen for their high levels of em . . .

In this thesis, I explore philosophical influences underlying various portrayals of werewolves in language, religious texts, law, and myth, discussing depictions from the earliest in antiquity—the first in The Epic of Gilgamesh in ancient Mesopotamia . . .

More and more children continue to enter the foster care system daily. With more children entering California state care, we are seeing an increase in adolescents aging out of care and being released into adulthood with minimal resources and skills. R . . .

Minorities are underrepresented within the ranks of the Bakersfield Police Department (BPD). According to a 2014 report from the International Association of Chiefs of Police, personnel within the department is 74 percent White with minorities account . . .

The Kern County Sheriff’s Office (KCSO) Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Program (RSAT) was established in 2013 at the Lerdo Detention Facility. Funded by a federal grant dispersed by the California Board of State and Community Corrections, the p . . .

Group homes provided various programs for children under the age of 18 who have experienced substance abuse, physical and/or mental health abuse. The Kern County Probation Department wanted to know if group homes used Evidence-Based Practices (EBP). E . . .

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the issues and trends surrounding social media policies, drawing from current policies in place by other organizations and researching the academic writings of this issue to formulate the best approa . . .

Easter Seals’ mission is to provide applied behavior analysis services to clients with disabilities both in the community and at home. This mission has been the same since 1919. Easter Seals’ provision of applied behavior analysis services is crucial . . .

Infectious diseases are one of the world’s leading causes of death, and there is an increasing need for naturally occurring anti‐infectious agents to combat resistant strains of fungi and other pathogens. Numerous studies have demonstrated that metabo . . .

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a highly potent neurotoxin found in diverse group of genetically unrelated organisms. Given that convergent evolution of TTX biosynthesis genes in such a wide range of phylogenetically distinct organisms is unlikely, the occurren . . .

The main objective of this research paper is to analyze the attitudes toward the legalization of prostitution and compare the attitudes to human trafficking statistics. The purpose of this research is to draw a conclusion as to whether an increase in . . .

In a campus environment, it is important to be up-to-date with all campus diversity. Students, staff, and faculty need education on LGBTQ+ issues. Education can come in the forms of physical and mental health, terminology, news, and assistance in fost . . .

This study aims to review and analyze previous research regarding after school programs and if participation in these programs reduces juvenilely delinquent behaviors and eliminates risk factors of delinquency. This study was non-experimental using a . . .

The purpose of the study is to address questions raised in determining the effectiveness of the Tribal TANF program with the hope of offering a recommendation for a program assessment strategy that indicates effectiveness, pinpoints areas of strengths . . .

Student-athletes have always been subject to stereotypes that typecast them unintelligent, or lazy. This has slowly been halted by the increasing standards that the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has implemented. The GPA and credit ho . . .

The fundraising CSUB faculty and staff campaign was made to raise awareness of giving on the CSUB campus by faculty and staff. President Horace Mitchell of California State University, Bakersfield invited all CSUB faculty and staff to participate in a . . .

After ending its contract with Kern County in 2013, Bakersfield began providing animal control services to city residents. Within the first year, the city operated over budget while offering no proactive programs to combat severe animal overpopulation . . .