Families are identified as networks of people who live together over periods of time, who have ties of marriage and kinship to one another. The family as a social institution refers to an organized, formal, and regular way of carrying out certai . . .

The rapid changes and expanding scope of nursing have led nurses to an open confrontation with routine nursing care. It is written that there exists a need for the eradication of the routinized care given patients and the establishment of a "system . . .

Stress, as a concept, was first introduced in the scientific literature by Selye in 1936. The term tended to replace the concept of emotion to convey the idea that a person experiences pressure from living which requires biological and psychological a . . .

This study was designed to identify and compare psychosocial adjustment problems in preschool children. The hypothesis was that kindergarten children with non-working mothers have fewer psychosocial adjustment problems than kindergarten children w . . .

It is generally agreed that psychiatric nursing has changed within the past decade. Research in the social sciences, technology, and psychopharmacology have all contributed to formation of a new framework for the mental health professions. Kalkman sta . . .

The courts of the United States are encouraging medical review to determine accountability. The public is increasingly aware of the many aspects of health care and no longer regards the hospital as an institution totally foreign to those who are not d . . .

Mankind has historically dealt with various types of parasitic infestations. One such parasite, Pediculosis Capitis, has survived all efforts toward extermination. This is true even though treatment of pediculosis in humans has become readily avai . . .

Traditionally, the role of the school nurse in sex education has been centered around teaching a unit on personal hygiene and menstruation. Occasionally a factual lecture on the anatomy and physiology of reproduc- tion might also have been presen . . .

During the past several years of experience in the care of surgical patients, the investigator has observed that surgical patients, in general, were apprehensive during their hospitalizations for surgery. Some patients were more anxious and apprehe . . .

The need for nurses to think and act positively in rehabilitating stroke patients has never been greater. Approximately 600,000 Americans suffer strokes each year. Some of these people remain incapacitated because adequate treatment was not initiat . . .

The San Joaquin Valley of California has one of the largest Mexican American populations in the United States, due to the agricultural need for farm workers and the proximity to the Mexican border. Statistics from the Valley Medical Center of Fres . . .

One of the many communication activities nurses participate .in daily is the change of shift report. This small conference involves two or more nurses and usually includes other nursing personnel from the unit. The shift report consists of the o . . .

The term "self-actualization" was first used by Goldstein, and since its conception, self-actualizing theories have been formulated by Maslow, Horney, Rogers, and others. Maslow used the term to refer to man's desire for self- fulfillment, or . . .

The term "self-actualization" was first used by Goldstein, and since its conception, self-actualizing theories have been formulated by Maslow, Horney, Rogers, and others. Maslow used the term to refer to man's desire for self- fulfillment, or . . .

Nurse administrators in hospitals, like management personnel in other industrial organizations, devote consider- able time and effort to the problems of recruitment and retention of qualified personnel. The issues of absenteeism, turnover, and . . .

Scientific medical knowledge has increased rapidly in recent years. This increase in knowledge has created benefits as well as problems. It is generally accepted that medical treatment has greatly improved in the last twenty years. Along with this . . .

The problem of the suicide rate in the United States poses a challenge to the field of health care delivery. At a time when giant strides are being made in other fields of medical research, progress has been slow in the understanding and preventio . . .

Shortly after the discovery of the circulation of blood, health scientists became concerned with intravenous therapy. As early as the 19th Century, intravenous infusions were performed, but many misunderstood physiological reactions retarded its w . . .

Cancer continues to be the second leading cause of death in the nation. The National Center for Health Statistics reported that the cancer death rate accelerated to 166.8 per 100,000 deaths in 1972, the highest increase in twenty-two years. Since . . .

The control of psychosocial stress experienced by hospital patients is considered to be an important factor in the process of recovery from illness. Janis and Selye both contend that, although a moderate degree of stress is good for an individual . . .

A major disorder of unknown origin affecting more than 23 million persons in the United States is hypertension.'" Evidence shows it to be 2 the greatest single predisposing cause of death. The reason for this is the effect of hypertension (". . . e . . .

In the past, the teaching of nursing stressed the practical and mechanical approaches to patient care and avoided the subtle under standing of the patient's emotional needs. Today, the finer aspects of understanding and communication are being in . . .

Too often the profession of nursing has been viewed from the technical aspects which can be mastered by anyone with the wit and endurance to undergo training. There is more to the profession than technical skills. The clinical practice of the nurse . . .

The rise in the number of persons in the United States receiving long-term hemodialysis therapy for chronic renal failure is reflected by the growth in numbers from 300 in 1963 to 4400 in 1971.1 During this period, patients were selected for treatm . . .

The school health program and the school nurse have several areas of concern, "the supervision of the school environment, health protection and promotion, health instruc- tion, and the handling of special problems."^ A review of the literature . . .

Frequently, people interested in the behavioral sciences can be heard discussing the many facets of the American culture. Much has been written about trends that may lead to the deterioration of the family. Of major concern to this investigator is . . .

The early birth control movement can be thought of as mainly a feminist protest in which women refused to let large and inevitable families chain them to the home." Though the birth control movement may have had its roots in emancipation, the reas . . .

In 1969 the nine California State Mental Hospitals treating the mentally ill housed approximately 15,700 patients. By 1972 the number of patients in state hospitals in California had decreased to approximately 7,200 and the number of state hospita . . .

Today quality of patient care is a social issue. There is a demand by the general public for "high level wellness" (Duff and Hollingshead, 1968:20). The best care possible for every individual is seen as a "right" rather than a "privilege." The consum . . .

In recent years there has been a steady increase of geriatric patient population in the hospital setting. It has been estimated that twenty-five to forty percent of the patients in general hospitals are age sixty-five and over. As the geriatric po . . .

Alcoholism has become a most significant social and health problem in our society. It is estimated that seven percent of the adult population in the United States are alcoholics."'" The abuse of alcohol pervades every aspect of an individual's lif . . .

I he diabetic patient is faced with a disease that does not significantly affect his appearance or his sense of well-being after control is achieved. However, this condition will persist for the rest of his life and will require considerable attention . . .

It has long been recognized by nursing staff, their supervisors, and instructors of nursing that aides, technicians, and vocational and registered nurses are prone to take the most expedient methods whenever possible, although this may not be the w . . .

A problem of relatively recent concern to health science researchers—thanks, perhaps, to new advances in the biological, social, and psychophysiological sciences— is how to isolate and identify relationships between human behavior and individual ( . . .

The history of learning to treat mental illness in the most efficient manner is long and varied. Mental illness has probably been recognized by man as long as people have increased their chances for survival by living in a group. When man began to . . .

"All noises are sounds, but ail sounds are not noise." Modern medicine discolrered the dangers of air pollution and water pollution about a century ago and, as a result, has practiced aseptic, antipollution technics. However, medicine has fallen b . . .

The diabetic patient is faced with a disease that does not significantly affect his appearance or his sense of well-being after control is achieved. However, this condition will persist for the rest of his life and will require considerable attenti . . .

is obvious from the large number of illigitimate births, legally and illegally induced abortions, and legitimate but undesired pregnancies in the United States that contra- ceptive measures are commonly ignored or actively rejected by a substa . . .

The study of the most efficient and effective means of communication has occupied research scientists for over fifty years. Experiments have highlighted man's inadequacy as a communicator. The behavioral psychologists state that by learning more ab . . .

In less than twenty-five years since the passage of the first National Mental Health Act of 1946, three revolutionary changes have occurred which have greatly influenced the treatment of the mentally disturbed. One change was the shift from custod . . .

In the last ten years, there has been an increasing tendency to use crisis intervention therapy in lieu of in- patient therapy. As the trend develops and crisis inter- vention becomes more prevalent, one cannot help but wonder how effective it is, . . .

There is no question that the United States enjoys great affluence as a result of its superior technology and productivity. It is often taken for granted that the gross national product, which is far higher than that of any other nation, is an ind . . .

Suicide has long been recognized as a major public health problem in the United States. The United States Public Health Service lists suicide as the twelfth leading cause of death in the United States. Shneidman estimated the actual number of suic . . .

A number of studies have been done on attitudes toward death and dying. In general, conclusions infer that most people, including nurses, have anxiety regarding death. Studies about nurses show that their attitudes about death and dying are reflec . . .

No Abastract or Summary.

This study attempted to demonstrate whether or not nursing personnel adequately turn, cough and deep breathe postoperative patients. Criteria were established for adequately carrying out these procedures and then nursing, performance was measured. . . .