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- Creator:
- Al Jasar, Ahmed
- Description:
- Studies on using high strength steel as flexural and shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete members are limited in the literature. Thus, current ACI 318 provisions do not permit using reinforcement steel with a strength higher than 80 ksi as flexural or 60 ksi as shear reinforcement. Reinforcement with a strength of 100 ksi is allowed for confinement in special seismic applications. This research has two objectives. First, it examined the effect of using high strength steel (HSS) as flexural reinforcement in RC flat plates on punching shear resistance. Second, it investigated the feasibility of using the HSS as shear reinforcement to increase the punching shear capacity of RC flat plates. To accomplish these objectives, five half-scale RC flat plates were tested under monotonic loading. the experimental program consisted of one flat plate reinforced with 60 ksi as main reinforcement and has 60 ksi shear reinforcement, and four flat plates reinforced with 100 ksi as main reinforcement and have 0, 60, 80, and 100 ksi shear reinforcement in the form of hoops. the results show that replacement of conventional reinforcement steel (Grade 60) with high-strength steel for the flexural reinforcement increased the punching shear capacity by 6%. Also providing shear reinforcement with yield strengths of 60, 80 and 100 ksi increased the punching shear resistance by 7%, 11%, and 16% respectively. Conclusions were drawn based on the load-deflection relation and the strain distributions between the RC flat plates.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Identifier:
- 9780438379770
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Creator:
- Abdulkarim, Muslim A.
- Description:
- The behavior of civil structures, such as buildings and bridges, subjected to earthquake shaking is highly dependent on structural components which resist the lateral forces that result from ground acceleration. Modern seismic design strategies commonly utilize specially designed lateral components or details intended to yield or break under excessive accumulated force so as to protect the primary vertical structural system. Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) are one popular type of seismic structural fuse that function by yielding a steel core in both tension and compression, since buckling of the core is restrained. the use of BRBs is popular in buildings due in part to their simple installation, ability to achieve large values of accumulated ductility while dissipating large amounts of energy, and a well-established design procedure including required prequalifying testing. However, there are no standard recommendations or guidelines for the design of BRB systems as seismic resisting elements for bridges. Further, there are no prequalifying loading protocols for demands on BRBs implemented on common bridge types. This thesis advances the standardization of procedures for implementing BRBs on bridges through the development of prequalifying testing protocols for steel truss bridges.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Creator:
- Kuo, Jeff
- Description:
- A concise yet comprehensive book that can be read and used from cover to cover, presenting topics that are fundamental for environmental engineering students, engineers, and professionals in the fields of air pollution control engineering and management. Air Pollution Control Engineering for Environmental Engineers covers topics including regulatory approaches to managing air pollution, emissions calculations, and control technologies for various air pollutants. This textbook also presents practical and contemporary issues, such as fugitive component leak detection and repair (LDAR). Subjects in the specifications of Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) and Professional Engineering (PE) exams are embedded in this book. Filled with real-world engineering design and calculation examples, the reader's understanding and common sense needed for air pollution control and management will be enhanced.
- Resource Type:
- Book
- Identifier:
- 9781138032040
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Creator:
- Kurwadkar, Sudarshan
- Description:
- Dioxin – Environmental Fate and Health/Ecological Consequences offers a unique, and comprehensive coverage of dioxins and their congeners once they are released to the environment. The book provides readers with a systematic understanding of past and emerging sources of dioxins, current dioxins inventories and historical trends, fate and long-range transboundary atmospheric transport, human health, and ecological risk and regulatory perspective. Providing an excellent analysis of dioxin exposure through the food chain and impact on human health, it also documents the environmental implications of dioxins on ecological flora and fauna. The book offers readers a holistic understanding about dioxins, their atmospheric fate and transport, distribution in various environmental matrices and various routes and exposure pathways through which human beings are exposed to this persistent organic pollutant. It further offers an insight into the toxicological profile and mechanistic analysis of the onset of cancer, remediation technologies, and existing regulatory framework to deal with the problems associated with dioxins. The book will serve as an excellent resource to environmental professionals, particularly environmental toxicologists, environmental health professionals, remediation engineers, environmental regulatory agencies, policymakers, and environmental law professionals.
- Resource Type:
- Book
- Identifier:
- 9781138047242
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Creator:
- Ali, Bezait Gashachew
- Description:
- An analysis of green roof water quality was done to answer this question: does the use of green roofs reduce or contribute to storm water pollution? Green Roofs can increase the overall water retention of an urban area and lower the volume of expected stormwater runoff. a Green Roof (GR) prototype was used to compare the runoff contamination level with a Non- Green Roof (NGR) system. Two tests were performed: The first one using rainwater samples collected over a span of three months and the second from a synthetic rainwater sample created in a laboratory. the sample set using rainwater source had a significant increase of Phosphate and a small decrease in Nitrate concentration within the GR system compared to the NGR system. the sample set of synthetic rainwater source had a larger reduction of Nitrate compared to the accumulation of Phosphate. the experiment also includes a peak flow calculation of GR and NGR systems within a study area in the City of Fullerton. GR and NGR systems were simulated using a hydrologic modeling software, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). a 25%GR, 50%GR, and 60%GR runoff was compared to the NGR. All three GR systems helped reduced the runoff flow and depth. Furthermore, the proposed conditions were significantly effective in decreasing max flow, max full flow, and max full depth. Both rain water samples and synthetic rain samples show that GR system can improve water quality by decreasing nitrate concentration compared to the NGR system.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Identifier:
- 9780438055926
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Creator:
- Al-behadili, Mohammed
- Description:
- Undrained shear strength is important in the evaluation of the stability of both natural and man-made slopes. Some researchers have proposed methods such as SHANSEP to evaluate the undrained shear strength of fine grained soils. However, the impact of plasticity characteristics and mineralogical composition on the undrained shear strength has not been widely studied. to do so, the SHANSEP technique was extended to include the interpretation of the normalized undrained strength ratio in this study. to determine the normalized undrained strength ratio, the undrained strength ratio for a sample at any over-consolidation ratio (OCR) is normalized by the value of undrained strength ratio for a normally consolidated sample of the same soil. This study will also focus on calculating the true friction angle and the true cohesion of various mixtures. in this study, five mixtures of montmorillonite with quartz and three mixtures of kaolinite with quartz were used. Unique relationships dependent on the mineralogical composition were developed between the normalized undrained strength ratio with the OCR. the results also showed that the true friction angle decreases with an increase in plasticity index for soils with plasticity indices less than 60% and liquid limit in soils with liquid limits less than 125%, beyond which there are negligible changes in the true friction angle. the base friction angle increases with an increase in plasticity index and liquid limit in soils with kaolinite as the clay mineral, but does not change significantly in soils with montmorillonite as the clay mineral.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Creator:
- Sompura, Shiven Jiten
- Description:
- In this research, a study was conducted on the feasibility of replacement of concrete pavements with precast concrete pavements which will result in faster construction, thinner slabs and more durable life of the pavement. It was observed that precast concrete pavement provides longer construction season throughout the year and less congestion in traffic while carrying out maintenance of roads or reconstruction of roads. Furthermore, the main goal of this research is to analyze the Life cycle cost of precast concrete pavements over traditional method; by comparing various aspects such as initial cost comparison of precast concrete pavements over onsite casting, the methodology of construction, the material used, recurring cost, maintenance cost, life assessment and life expectancy. the cost of each parameter will be analyzed, and net present worth method will be utilized to find the current dollar value of both the pavement alternative. Also, a series of range analysis will be carried out with different discount rate, uncertainty cost and initial construction cost which will help us in deciding the range of different parameters in analyzing life cycle cost. Moreover, the results obtained after analyzing all the parameters are that precast concrete pavement is 20% more economical than onsite casting and can be implemented places where congestion is a major concern while carrying any construction activities.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Creator:
- Dhital, Smriti
- Description:
- The Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake struck central Nepal on April 25, 2015 and brought about a huge loss of life and property. The quake was also responsible for the generation of a large number of landslides. They blocked highways, devastated villages, and temporarily dammed some rivers. About 14,670 landslips were triggered off by the main shock and its numerous large aftershocks. Among the detected failures, about 23% had an area greater than 100 m2. Since such failures can directly affect people’s life and property, they are considered for further investigation in this study. A comparison of these coseismic landslides with the 29 historical failures reveals that these landslides slightly exceed in number from those expected for the peak ground acceleration observed due to these earthquakes. The landslides seem to be concentrated within the area of the fault rupture surface. About 90% of the detected landslips could be classified as earth falls. The areas having relatively soft rocks, such as slates, shales, schists and phyllites of the Lesser Himalaya, suffered from a greater number of failures. The landslides had a strong correlation with the peak ground acceleration and they also showed a positive correlation with some landslide-susceptible geological formations composing the study area.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Creator:
- Adhikari, Asish
- Description:
- Damping is defined as the behavior of the building to absorb the input energy. This damping behavior of the building can be improved by adding dampers. The primary goal of this experiment was to assess the impact of installing a liquid-filled tank (either water or oil) on top of a structure subjected to seismic loads. The main criteria used to assess the differences in performance were acceleration and displacement at the top of the structure. Specifically, a 3-story scaled model was used and subjected to a series of different loading protocols (namely pulse, sweep, and earthquake time history loadings) on a shake table. Results indicate that the natural frequency and the maximum roof displacement of the model decreased, while damping ratios increased with the addition of a liquid filled tank. The secondary goal of this study was to see the behavior of the model when wooden slotted bolted friction dampers were added to the system. The model was loaded with the same loading protocols as before and with an additional sine load. Results showed a decrease in the vibration frequency and a significant increase in damping ratio due to the added friction dampers. In conclusion, a building with a liquid tank – water or oil, can provide more damping effect to a building and this may improve the seismic safety of building structures when appropriate volume of the liquid is filled in the tank and is much effective when used with friction dampers.
- Resource Type:
- Dissertation
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Creator:
- Phonsiri, Vanh
- Description:
- The emergence of different pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment is a concern due to their potential adverse effect on human health and the environment. Among various sources, wastewater discharged from treatment plants often serve as a source of pharmaceutical compounds that pollute soil, surface water and groundwater. in this study, the occurrence of 30 selected PPCPs including analgesics, hormones, anti-epileptics, antilipidemics, anti-hypertensives, antiseptics, and stimulants were monitored in two municipal wastewater treatment plants. between April and October of 2017, total 77 samples were collected over 7 sampling events and analyzed for the presence of various human and animal pharmaceuticals. an optimized EPA Method 1694 utilizing solid phase extraction and liquid chromatographic separation with MS-MS quantitation was used for analyzing raw and secondary treated wastewater samples collected during 7 sampling events. the results show that 28 of the 30 target chemicals were detected throughout various stages of the wastewater treatment process. the concentrations of hormones and other PPCPs ranged from 0.007 to 7.7 µg/L and 0.05 to 126.3 µg/L, respectively. the removal rates of these constituents by trickling filter were varied: 3 analytes were not removed, six had < 50% removals, five had removal between 50 to 70%, and fourteen has removal > 70%. for activated sludge secondary treatment, two compounds were not removed, four had removal < 50%, four had removal 50 to 83%, and nineteen had removal > 90%.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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