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- Creator:
- Rael, Carie Renee
- Description:
- The student movement in California has influenced the direction of public higher education since the Free Speech Movement in the 1960s. Students have largely been ignored within the historical narrative despite directly affecting the progress of California’s public higher education system. This project discusses the accomplishments of the student movement, which include the creation of the Ethnic and Women Studies programs, the fight against the Bakke decision, Proposition 187 and Proposition 209, along with students standing up against the privatization of public higher education. The successes for the student movement created a significant conservative backlash that drove California’s public higher education system further into the private sphere despite the student movement’s best efforts. Oral histories from various student activists along with flyers, pamphlets, protest signs, video footage, newspaper articles, audio recordings, and other archival evidence make up the primary sources for this project. The oral histories from student activists provide narratives normally left out of the history of California’s education system and create a more complex history of California’s public higher education system.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Braun, Andrew
- Description:
- The period between 472 A.D. and 510 A.D. was one of institutional uncertainty for the Catholic Church. The Western Roman Emperor was deposed and the position left vacant. The governing of Italy fell on Germanic warlords, both subordinate to and independent of the Emperor in Constantinople whose attentions were focused on political intrigue and wars, both civil and foreign. A schism in the Church further reduced his influence. This left a void of leadership for the people of Rome. The remaining Emperor was now far away, and the secular leadership of Italy in the hands of foreigners and not members of the Catholic Church. The bishops of Rome began to fill that void, though not without controversy and resistance. He was able to use his moral authority, and his important political position to form the beginnings of independent political authority. The temporal reality of this independence would vanish with the end of the Acacian Schism and the conquest of Rome by Emperor Justinian in 536AD. Only the rhetorical innovations, pushing for temporal authority remained, to be used in the ensuing centuries with the formation of the Papal States.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Trexler, Jeena
- Description:
- The first half of the 20th century marked a period of rapid growth in Los Angeles. Across the United States professional city planners attempted to transform major cities. Los Angeles experimented with several plans but many women came to the city armed with their own plans and civic imaginations. By examining the gendered nature of city planning and the way that it collided with the new woman of the 20th century, we are able to understand the various ways that women pursued power through civic participation. Aline Barnsdall, oil heiress and patron of the arts, commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright’s first Southern California design for her home, Hollyhock House. Barnsdall’s tumultuous relationship with Wright and her conflict with city leaders like Harry Chandler of the Los Angeles Times, reveal the limits of women’s power in a conservative environment. Christine Sterling utilized traditional methods of female power as she worked as a historical housekeeper in her preservation of Olvera Street. By courting powerful leaders and utilizing booster images of Los Angeles’s mythic, Spanish Fantasy past, Sterling gained power and transformed the landscape of downtown. Alice Constance Austin worked as an architect for the socialist community of Llano del Rio. The independent, experimental nature of the communal project allowed Austin the freedom to design a city from scratch and to express her feminist beliefs.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
4. Scavengers of Human Sorrow: The Lives and Crimes of Gilles De Rais and Elizabeth Bathory, 1405-1614
- Creator:
- Mccoy, Damian
- Description:
- That members of the nobility in pre-modern Europe were occasionally cruel is no secret. However, the French marshal Gilles de Rais (d. 1440) and the Hungarian countess Elizabeth Bathory (d. 1614) represent something more than nobles behaving badly. They are two of the earliest documented “serial killers,” but despite of what is known about them, their motives have remained unclear. Using an interdisciplinary and comparative approach for analysis, Gilles de Rais and Elizabeth Bathory are revealed here as more complex than previously thought. Firstly, primary sources ranging from trial records to letters provide the necessary historical background. Secondly, modern scholarship supplies the psycho-criminological methods, helps contextualize pre-modern violence and society, and shows the impact of Gilles’ and Elizabeth’s and their victims’ social status, associations, and gender. Lastly, movies, television shows, and song lyrics show how Gilles and Elizabeth continue to be immortalized even centuries after their crimes. Gilles and Elizabeth killed because they were serial killers, but the social climate of their times effectively enabled them to do so.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Weiler, Lindsay Margaret
- Description:
- In 1599, two English brothers, sons of a lesser noble family on the outs with the court of Queen Elizabeth I, took a voyage to the court of Shah Abbas I. Under the patronage of the Earl of Essex, Sir Anthony and Robert Sherley made their way through the Islamic territory of the Ottoman Turkish Empire into the Safavid Persian Empire. A decade later, Sir Anthony returned to Christian Europe, followed by his brother Robert a few years after, now acting as an agent of a Muslim ruler, ostensibly to improve trade relations between Persia and Europe, circumventing the Ottoman Empire who had been acting as middle man for goods coming out of Persia up until the sixteenth century. This thesis aims to show the cultural influence, particularly European influence, on both Elizabethan and Jacobean England’s foreign policy and diplomacy and Shah Abbas’s economic reforms and diplomatic offensive with Europe, using the study of the Sherley voyage as the primary focus, through the historical concepts of self-fashioning and orientalism. It also aims to prove that, due to the combined goals of the major players, the Sherley voyage significantly contributed not only the economic and diplomatic policy between England and the Safavid Persian Empire, but also diplomacy between the Middle East and Europe that continued to affect diplomacy into the Modern time period.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Bolinger, Andrew
- Description:
- This thesis focuses on the political backdrop to the battle of Tell Bashir in 1108. This battle marks an interesting change of alliances wherein Frankish and Turkish armies fought on both sides of the battle only a decade after the First Crusade had arrived in Syria. Historians have relied heavily on western sources to explain the odd political divisions and the ramifications for the crusader states. The result is a mess, few things are asserted strongly, and the narrative that does come through is deeply problematic. Ibn alAthir, a thirteenth century Arab chronicler, gives a thoroughly different account from either the Latin sources or those maintained by modern historians. Following the battle of Harran (1104), Count Baldwin II of Edessa had been left imprisoned in Mosul while a series of intra-Turkish wars ravaged the region. Baldwin II’s release at the hands of Jawuli Saqao—the then Emir of Mosul—came at the price of giving assistance to Jawuli who was making an attempt to overthrow Sultan Muhammad in favor of an oft forgotten Saljuq prince, Baktash ibn Tutush. An alliance between Tancred, the prince of Antioch, and Ridwan ibn Tutush, the Prince of Aleppo, resisted Jawuli, leading to the battle of Tell Bashir. This battle was about imperial Saljuq politics, and the crusader lords of Antioch and Edessa were aligned on opposite sides for reasons separate from their personal conflicts. This is a major departure from traditional views that hold that the battle was fought to determine which crusader lord was to rule Edessa.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Henderson, Taylor
- Description:
- Theodore Roosevelt is a man who has captivated the American imagination both during his lifetime and long after his death. His impact on American culture cannot be understated; however there are a few areas of his life that have not been examined as thoroughly as others. The biographical historiography on Theodore Roosevelt has paid little attention to the significance of the Western frontier had in molding his ideas and characterization as an emblem of masculinity. Scholars have written about his early life and the enormous influence TR had on the realm of politics, but have not analyzed how his time ranching on the Western frontier shaped his beliefs and policies. This thesis focuses primarily on the writings of Theodore Roosevelt himself, as well as, analyzing secondary sources written about his life and time in the Badlands to illuminate the connection between the cowboy culture of the late 1880s and the type of masculinity adhered to by American society; thereby expanding our understanding of the development of Theodore Roosevelt’s “cowboy” and the subsequent rise in popularity of Roosevelt and the icon of the cowboy in American culture.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Malebranche, Mark R., II
- Description:
- The subject of an American national identity has been a source of debate for centuries. Some argue it had naturally evolved by the time of the American Revolution while others argue there was no cohesive “American” people at the time of the war. By looking at the ways in which the American colonists interpreted the presence of the Hessian soldiers contracted by the British government during the struggle, this conversation can be continued in a new and unique way. The Hessians themselves have often been ignored by the historical record, though studying these men reveals that at the time of the American Revolution, the colonists remained divided and were rather a collection of different peoples. I approach this study by looking primarily at the wartime press of New York and Pennsylvania, put in context with the events of the Revolution, along with some of the early American historians (Mercy Otis Warren, David Ramsay, John Marshall, and Washington Irving) writing in the decades following the Treaty of Paris. Differences and similarities in the ways they discussed the Hessian involvement during the American Revolution reveal a lack of cohesive identity during and in the decades following the war.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Knight, Timothy
- Description:
- The hierarchy of Britain’s social system in the 18th and early 19th centuries was rigidly stratified and patriarchal, with a limited noble class, or peerage, a small but burgeoning middling class, and a substantial lower class of either peasants or urban workers. Those from the middle class frequently found their options for social and economic growth to be limited in the absence of patronal connections. As such, social networking, or interactions between an individual and an array of contacts, though often considered a relatively recent phenomenon, was integral to those who intended to ascend to a higher social or economic status, even in an era that lacked modern communications technologies. This study focuses on the network interactions, specifically deconstructing examples of patronage, deference, and information-brokering, in an attempt to characterize the career construction historical legacy of three British Royal Navy Admirals, Edward Hawke, Horatio Nelson, and Cuthbert Collingwood, as a product of meticulous communications via letter-writing and cultivating connections. While their own deliberate historical agency was important, this study contends that a reciprocal binary interaction between each man and a number of others of different spheres of social contacts, both above and below their own social standing, greatly influenced their ability to ascend to the highest ranks of both social and military standing in Britain during the Age of Napoleon.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Barrette, Timothy
- Description:
- Historians studying Rwanda largely focus on the devastating genocide that claimed the lives of narrowly a million Rwandans within 100 days. This has led to fragmented conclusions for the causation of the genocide—much of which are used to push personal agendas. The debate within these circles, however, tends to focus solely on the genocide, and it misrepresents precolonial, colonial, and post-colonial history in order to make Rwanda’s history fit their contemporary narrative. With that, the thesis Imagination, the Hamitic Myth, and Rwanda: The Foundation of Division in Rwanda takes on the challenge of analyzing the precolonial and colonial foundations that permitted a genocide to unfold. More specifically, it investigates precolonial division and economic strife, the colonial imagination, colonial uses of alienation in society, and the irreparable effects of misused science. Overall, the purpose of this is not to levy a claim of guilty to any one constituency involved in the genocide—as everyone was guilty to an extent—but to adjust the historiographic trajectory of Rwandan history making sure new research encompasses the complications within Rwandan society.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Chacon, Christopher
- Description:
- In this thesis I argue that Hindu nationalist terminology, particularly the concepts of Hindutva, Samyavada, and national identity, modernized amid currents of globalization and neocolonialism in the early twentieth-century. In the theoretical section, I examine how systems of knowledge and power in India were directly and indirectly affected by the globalization of western modernity. In the primary source analysis section, I discuss three prominent Hindu nationalists and their ideas in support of the argument made in the theoretical section. Veer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883-1966), the philosopher of Hindutva, represented the ethno-nationalistic component to Hindu nationalism and looked to cultural motifs in order to unify the “true” people of India. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (1897-1945), the militant hero who formed the Indian National Army and outright opposed the British, contributed the aggressive discourse of nationalist rhetoric. Sarsanghchalak Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar (1906-1973), the supreme leader of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), utilized Hindu nationalist rhetoric in order to mesmerize post-independence Indians and lay the foundation for the future of the RSS. Although these individuals represented a current within Indian nationalist history, their lives and literature influenced the language of Hindu nationalism.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Mccormick, Michael Dillon
- Description:
- During the Civil Rights era of the United States, several black athletes transcended their roles as physical competitors and transitioned into the realm of social politics. Unsatisfied with their social status as mere athletic figures, these men used their cultural relevance as a platform to demand racial equality and citizenship for all African Americans. However, when they did, they were often met with significant resistance from the white power structures of America. Mainstream culture was willing to accept these men as sports stars and entertainers, but not as equal citizens. Lingering ideologies based upon social Darwinian beliefs and Jim Crow policies still plagued the nation, and prevented athletes like Jackie Robinson, Muhammad Ali, and Bill Russell from completely assimilating into American society. The result is an intersection of sport, culture, race, and politics at a critical point in the history of our nation.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Self, Samantha
- Description:
- Walt Disney gave his opening address of Disneyland on July 17, 1955 claiming that Disneyland would “be a source of joy and inspiration to all the world.” As Disneyland opened its gates to visitors from all over the world, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a Cold War, fighting social, economic, political, and cultural ideologies. This thesis explores three “lands” located within the Disneyland park and how these lands respectively created sheltered vistas of a utopian society, a frontier past, and visions of a bright future. Main Street, U.S.A. provided visitors with a manufactured version of a “simpler” time in American history by allowing suburban white families a place to feel safe in their gender roles. Main Street, U.S.A. also provided visitors with a new outlet for consumerism that thrived under the disposable income model. Frontierland provided visitors with a simulated history that demonstrated the “successes” of spreading American democracy into foreign and uncivilized societies. Frontierland also used the American film industry’s craze of western films to provide an illusion of “otherness” with stereotypical images of Native Americans and African Americans. Tomorrowland created an illusion of a bright future. Centered on consumption and corporate sponsorships, Tomorrowland encouraged visitors to believe in a future full of space travel and devices to enhance home life.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Meza, Michelle
- Description:
- The English convents in exile preserved, constructed, and maintained a solid English Catholic identity in three ways: first, they preserved the past through writing the history of their convents and remembering the hardships of the English martyrs; that maintained the nuns’ continuity with their English past. Furthermore, producing obituaries of deceased nuns eulogized God’s faithful friends and provided an example to their predecessors. Second, the English nuns cultivated the present through the translation of key texts of English Catholic spirituality for use within their cloisters as well as for circulation among the wider recusant community to promote Franciscan and Ignatian spirituality. English versions of the Rule aided beginners in the convents to faithfully adhere to monastic discipline and continue on with their mission to bring English Catholicism back to England. Finally, as the English nuns looked toward the future and anticipated future needs, they used letter-writing to establish and maintain patronage networks to attract novices to their convents, obtain monetary aid in times of disaster, to secure patronage for the community and family members, and finally to establish themselves back in England in the aftermath of the French Revolution and Reign of Terror. By the mid-nineteenth century, not only did seventeen out of twenty-one convents reestablish themselves in England, but English Catholicism and female monasticism experienced a rebirth in their native land.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Forbes, Megan DuVarney
- Description:
- When the United States purchased the Virgin Islands in 1917, they established a naval government and denied civil rights and citizenship to the native people. Rothschild Francis, a self-educated Virgin Islands native, took it upon himself to demand the citizenship and self-government that the United States had historically bestowed upon new territories. Utilizing his extensive knowledge of the U.S. Constitution, Francis appealed to the U.S. government by writing congressional legislation, establishing his own political newspaper, giving speeches in both the Virgin Islands and in New York City, and by challenging discriminatory court decisions by naval judges. He also addressed the issues of racial prejudice that the U.S. Navy brought to the shores of St. Thomas. Francis’ editorials in his newspaper, the Emancipator, his congressional legislation, and his public replies to his critics provide thorough evidence of his views on the importance of self-government, and of the strategies he employed to gain rights for his people. Francis maintained a consistent message about the importance of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and the power of democracy. Francis adamantly supported American government, even while he challenged the U.S. to apply democracy equally in the Virgin Islands. His fourteen years of campaigning for Virgin Islanders’ citizenship and self-government laid the groundwork for the rights that Virgin Islanders have today.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Sugiyama, Angela
- Description:
- Research of Chinese students in the United States has focused on the adult students who studied in American colleges and universities. Little is known about the younger ones, who are between 13 and 17 and whose stories are equally, if not more, important historically. My research aims to investigate the motivations, the goals, and the life experiences of Chinese teenagers who dare to cross the biggest ocean on Earth—the Pacific. Their physical presence since the 2010s apparently becomes a new wave from the East to the West. Through analysis of students’ surveys that were conducted both in China and in the United States in 2013 and 2014, of interviews with school directors, parents and minors, I seek to understand the push-and-pull factors behind this new wave, the motivations for these teens’ willingly and non-willingly Western cultivation, and their life experiences embedded in the transcontinental sojourn. I also aim to examine the impacts they make in American society, and the effects of the boundary crossing on the host nation. Through my examination of the teenagers’ motivations and the economic and political factors that make them move, I argue that Chinese teens’ sea-crossing voyage continues the one century and a half Chinese western-learning legacy since the late 19th century, and yet, their motivations and goals in the transformation are for self-gain, not for China.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Lozano, Johnathan
- Description:
- This thesis looks at the city of Los Angeles from the early 1900s to late 1980s in analyzing how its public transportation system was created, and the various plans at expanding it. A history of Los Angeles is described by highlighting how various streetcar lines formed, and why they disappeared during the 1950s. The impact they had on the growth of the city is discussed, as well as the origin of certain neighborhoods and communities. Emphasis is placed on relations between city inhabitants, and city officials in the way they treated minorities in different spaces and neighborhoods. Issues of proper infrastructure and transportation are discussed, and how they interlink and connect the large metropolitan areas with various stakeholders and interests’ groups. Various city plans and proposals are discussed in relation to how they would impact the growing city and its inhabitants in terms of street layout meshed with highways and public transportation. Special emphasis is placed on the Metro Red Line, and how the original plan was meant for it to travel underneath Wilshire Boulevard. This changed to accommodate biased concerns of elected officials and neighborhoods along the midWilshire corridor and adjacent neighborhoods. By highlighting Los Angeles’ bias towards minorities, a connection is made in how the city viewed them, and the treatment they received.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Pavia-Logan, Madison
- Description:
- This thesis focuses on the portrayal of Soviet women in propaganda posters during the Russian Great Patriotic War (1941–1945). While illustrations of mothers and workers were in no short supply, there was a tremendous lack of female soldiers depicted when there were nearly 1,000,000 in active service. Although women wanted to join the Red Army, the Soviet government denied them until it became apparent that they needed more soldiers. However, rather than depict female combatants, the regime continuously utilized the caricatures of women workers, victims, and family members who diligently waited for their men to return. I argue that by focusing on the other roles women held during the war, the Soviet state purposefully removed female soldiers from propaganda to emphasize “appropriate” roles for women. through the regime’s control over poster propaganda, they were able to dictate their own war narrative. It is the purpose of this research project to pull female combatants out of the shadows and reinsert them into the narrative of the Great Patriotic War.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Washburn, Sean
- Description:
- Since its emergence in the inter-war period, fascism has commanded the attention of historians, social scientists, and intellectuals. Fascists world over saw their movement as a revolutionary one that held the potential to transform human life by providing a new political, social, and economic system apart from capitalism and the other alternatives of anarchism, socialism, and communism. to the many who found fascism enticing, they saw a new political, social, and economic philosophy—a new way of life. Mario Palmieri’s the Philosophy of Fascism is one source that provides a glimpse into the intellectual foundations of fascism and its new way of life. Palmieri an Italian Fascist thinker wrote his book to describe what it means to be fascist. Translated into English in 1936 for an audience in the United States, he hoped the book would spread fascist philosophy. the following is an analysis of Palmieri’s book and his conceptualization of fascist philosophy. by examining the language deployed by fascists like Palmieri the author presents how crucial knowledge on fascist intellectual thought is for understanding fascism and its disturbing place in human history. Furthermore, studying and understanding inter-war fascism is critical for knowing how modern fascist movements have evolved from their inter-war predecessors. Therefore, the author ends their conclusion with a final section discussing the present reemergence of fascist movements.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Jaeger, Stephanie
- Description:
- This study analyzes the manner in which Plutarch constructs the feminine principle in the form of Isis in his text, De Iside et Osiride, by using a feminist and gender approach. the essay begins with an analysis of the text and explores the influence of Plato’s Timaeus to show how Middle Platonic constructions of gender are used to subvert the power of the goddess Isis, thus rendering her inferior to her husband, the god Osiris. Following this, a group of related texts by Plutarch are explicated to show that his ideals of women are consistent for the metaphysical plane and the Roman Greek social sphere. Finally, Plutarch’s text is compared with contemporary texts that describe the worship of Isis including Apuleius’ Metamorphoses, Diodorus Siculus, and aretalogies and hymns to this goddess to show that it is primarily in Plutarch and Apuleius that Isis’ power has been subverted, while in the other sources it is unlimited or unaffected by her gender.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History