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- Creator:
- Fisher, Koren
- Description:
- Introduction Sedentary behavior (SB) is highly prevalent among older adults, with more than 25% engaging in 6 hours or more of SB daily. SB has been associated with several cardiometabolic biomarkers in younger adults; however, there is a paucity of research in older populations. This study examined associations between patterns of SB and cardiometabolic biomarkers in community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and older. Methods Data were drawn from a convenience sample of 54 community-dwelling individuals (12 males, 42 females; mean age = 72.6 ± 6.8 years, range = 56–89 years). Cardiometabolic biomarkers assessed included systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose and cholesterol parameters. SB was assessed via accelerometry over a 7-day period, and measures included daily time in SB, number and length of sedentary bouts, the number and length of breaks between sedentary bouts, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and light physical activity (LPA). Associations between the SB measures and each cardiometabolic risk factor were examined using separate stepwise multiple regression models, controlling for sex, MVPA, and accelerometer wear time. Isotemporal substitution models were used to examine the change in cardiometabolic outcomes when SB is replaced by an equal duration of either LPA or MVPA. Results Adjusted regression analyses showed that daily sedentary time was positively associated with DBP (β = 0.052, ∆R2 = 0.112, p = 0.022) and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (β = −0.111, ∆R2 = 0.121, p = 0.039). Sedentary bout length was also associated with DBP and HDL cholesterol (β = 0.575, ∆R2 = 0.152, p = 0.007; β = −1.529, ∆R2 = 0.196, p = 0.007, respectively). Replacement of 10 minutes of SB a day with LPA was associated with improved DBP and HDL cholesterol (p ≤ 0.05). No other significant associations (p ≤ 0.05) were found. Conclusion Sitting for prolonged periods of time without interruption is unfavorably associated with DBP and HDL cholesterol. Prospective studies should identify causal relationships and observe specific changes in cardiometabolic profiles in older populations.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Lockie, Robert
- Description:
- There has been limited analyses of DI mid-major male basketball players, and no analyses of relationships between athletic abilities and playing time in this population. The purpose of this study was to (1) describe and compare backcourt and frontcourt players from one mid-major team and (2) determine if there were relationships between playing time (total minutes, total games played, minutes per game) and select tests from the NBA Combine (height, body mass, standing reach, and wingspan; countermovement [VJ] and approach [AppVJ vertical jump], lane agility drill, ¾ court sprint, and 83.91-kg bench press). A retrospective analysis of data from the 2018 season for a men's DI team (n = 10) was conducted. Performance testing was completed in the pre-season, and playing time metrics were collated by the team's staff over the season. Players were split into backcourt (n = 6) and frontcourt (n = 4) groups and compared via independent samples t-tests (p < 0.05) and effect sizes (d). Pearson's correlations calculated relationships between playing time metrics and the NBA combine test data (p < 0.05). When compared to the backcourt group, the frontcourt group were significantly taller, heavier, had a greater standing reach and wingspan, and performed poorer in the VJ, AppVJ, and ¾ court sprint (d = 1.49-3.45). There were no significant relationships between playing time and any NBA Combine test (r = -0.363-0.511). Basketball-specific skill may have a larger impact on playing time in this mid-major team. However, the mid-major players in this study may have had above-average athletic abilities as measured by NBA combine testing, limiting correlations with playing time.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Lockie, Robert
- Description:
- This study determined the influence of years spent working in custody on fitness measured by a state-specific testing battery (Work Sample Test Battery; WSTB) in deputy sheriffs. Retrospective analysis was conducted on one patrol school class (51 males, 13 females) divided into three groups depending on time spent working in custody: DS24 (<24 months; n = 20); DS2547 (25–47 months; n = 23); and DS48+ (≥48 months; n = 21). These groups were compared to a recruit class (REC; 219 males, 34 females) in the WSTB, which comprised five tasks completed for time: 99-yard (90.53-m) obstacle course (99OC); 165-pound (75-kg) dummy drag; six-foot (1.83-m) chain link fence (CLF) and solid wall (SW) climb; and 500-yard (457.2-m) run (500R). A univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (controlling for sex and age) with Bonferroni post hoc determined significant between-group differences. DS48+ were slower in the 99OC compared to the REC (p = 0.007) and performed the CLF and SW slower than all groups (p ≤ 0.012). DS24, DS2547, and DS48+ were all slower than REC in the 500R (p ≤ 0.002). Physical training should be implemented to maintain fitness and job-specific task performance in deputy sheriffs working custody, especially considering the sedentary nature of this work.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Galpin, Andrew
- Description:
- Human skeletal muscle fibers exist across a continuum of slow → fast-twitch. The amount of each fiber type (FT) influences muscle performance but remains largely unexplored in elite athletes, particularly from strength/power sports. To address this nescience, vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies were performed on World/Olympic (female, n = 6, “WCF”) and National-caliber (female, n = 9, “NCF”; and male, n = 6, “NCM”) American weightlifters. Participant accolades included 3 Olympic Games, 19 World Championships, 25 National records, and >170 National/International medals. Samples were analyzed for myosin heavy chain (MHC) content via SDS-PAGE using two distinct techniques: single fiber (SF) distribution (%) and homogenate (HG) composition. The main finding was that these athletes displayed the highest pure MHC IIa concentrations ever reported in healthy VL (23±9% I, 5±3% I/IIa, 67±13% IIa, and 6±10% IIa/IIx), with WCF expressing a notable 71±17% (NCF = 67±8%, NCM = 63±16%). No pure MHC IIx were found with SF. Secondary analysis revealed the heavyweights accounted for 91% of the MHC IIa/IIx fibers, which caused a correlation between this FT and body mass. Additionally, when compared to SF, HG overestimated MHC I (23±9 vs. 31±9%) and IIx (0±0 vs. 3±6%) by misclassifying I/IIa fibers as I and IIa/IIx fibers as IIx, highlighting the limitation of HG as a measure of isoform distribution. These results collectively suggest that athlete caliber (World vs. National) and/or years competing in the sport determine FT% more than sex, particularly for MHC IIa. The extreme fast-twitch myofiber abundance likely explains how elite weightlifters generate high forces in rapid time-frames.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Lockie, Robert
- Description:
- This study analyzed the effects physical fitness may have on reasons for academy separation in law enforcement recruits. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 401 recruits; 330 recruits graduated (GRAD), and 71 recruits separated at various times during academy. Twenty-eight recruits separated for personal reasons (SEPPR); 18 due to physical training failures (i.e., poor fitness) or injury (SEPFI); and 25 due to academic or scenario failures (SEPAS). Fitness testing occurred prior to academy, and included: Push-ups and sit-ups in 60s; a 75-yard pursuit run (75PR); vertical jump; medicine ball throw; and multistage fitness test (MSFT). A one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc compared between-group fitness test performance. A multiple stepwise regression calculated whether recruit characteristics or fitness could predict separation. The GRAD group was younger than the SEPAS group (p < 0.01), faster in the 75PR than the SEPFI group (p = 0.02), and completed more MSFT shuttles than the SEPPR and SEPFI groups (p = 0.01). Age predicted GRAD and SEPAS group inclusion; MSFT predicted GRAD, SEPPR, and SEPFI group inclusion. Recruits who had superior high-intensity running capacity (75PR) and aerobic fitness (MSFT) should have a better chance of completing academy. However, this could be influenced by training practices adopted during academy.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Lockie, Robert
- Description:
- This study determined relationships between an agency-specific fitness test battery (PT500), and a work sample test battery (WSTB) in law enforcement recruits. Retrospective analysis on 219 males and 34 females from one agency was conducted. The PT500 comprised: push-ups, sit-ups, and mountain climbers in 120 s; pull-ups; and 201 m and 2.4 km runs. The WSTB comprised: 99 yard (90.53 m) obstacle course (99OC); body drag (BD) with a 165 pound (75 kg) dummy; 6 foot (1.83 m) chain link fence (CLF) and solid wall (SW) climb; and 500 yard (457.2 m) run (500R). Partial correlations, controlling for sex, calculated PT500 and WSTB relationships (p < 0.05). Stepwise regression determined whether fitness predicted WSTB performance. The 500R related to all PT500 assessments (r range = -0.127⁻0.574), 99OC related to all bar push-ups and mountain climbers, and BD related to none. The CLF related to sit-ups, pull-ups, and 2.4 km run; SW related to mountain climbers, pull-ups, and 2.4 km run (r range = -0.127⁻-0.315). Push-ups, pull-ups, and 2.4 km run were involved in predictive relationships for 99OC, CLF, SW, and 500R (r² range = 0.217⁻0.500). To perform better in the WSTB and job-specific tasks, developing upper-body strength and aerobic fitness may be beneficial.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Lockie, Robert
- Description:
- This study investigated relationships that linear speed and lower-body power have on change-of-direction (COD) speed in collegiate women soccer players. Data from two Division I (n = 39) and one Division II (n = 18) schools were analyzed. Subjects were assessed in: power (vertical jump (VJ); jump height, peak anaerobic power measured in watts (PAPw), power-to-body mass ratio (P:BM); linear speed (10-m sprint); and COD speed (modified T-test (MTT), 505, COD deficit). Independent samples T-tests derived significant between-group differences, with effect sizes (d) calculated. Pearson’s correlations determined relationships between COD speed, linear speed, and power, with regression equations calculated. Division I players demonstrated superior 505, COD deficit, VJ height, PAPw, and P:BM (d = 1.09–2.21). Division II players were faster in the MTT (d = 1.51). For all players, the 505 correlated with the 10-m sprint (r = 0.39–0.53) and VJ height (r = −0.65–0.66), while the COD deficit related to the 10-m sprint (r = −0.77–0.82). The regression data supported these results. Division I players were superior in the 505 and COD deficit, and expressed their power in the 180° 505 task. Division II players should enhance lower-body power and the ability to perform 180° direction changes.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Lockie, Robert
- Description:
- The close-grip bench press (CGBP) is a variation of the traditional bench press (TBP) that uses a narrower grip (~95% of biacromial distance (BAD)) and has potential application for athletes performing explosive arm actions from positions where the hands are held close to the torso. Limited research has investigated CGBP mechanics compared to the TBP. Twenty-seven resistance-trained individuals completed a one-repetition maximum TBP and CGBP. The TBP was performed with the preferred grip; the CGBP with a grip width of 95% BAD. A linear position transducer measured lift distance and duration; peak and mean power, velocity, and force; distance and time when peak power occurred; and work. Pre-sticking region (PrSR), sticking region, and post-sticking region distance and duration for each lift was measured. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to derive differences between TBP and CGBP mechanics (p < 0.01); effect sizes (d) were also calculated. A greater load was lifted in the TBP, thus mean force was greater (d = 0.16–0.17). Peak power and velocity were higher in the CGBP, which had a longer PrSR distance (d = 0.49–1.32). The CGBP could emphasize power for athletes that initiate explosive upper-body actions with the hands positioned close to the torso.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Costa, Pablo
- Description:
- International Journal of Exercise Science 10(3): 354-364, 2017. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six months of training with three different number of sets of resistance training on flexibility in young men. Forty-seven men (mean ± SD age = 24 ± 1yrs; body mass = 79.39 ± 9.12 kg; height = 174.5 ± 5.6 cm) were randomly divided into three training groups performing either one set (G1S), three sets (G3S), or five sets (G5S) of all exercises in a resistance training session or a control group (CG). All groups were assessed pre- and post-training for Sit-and-Reach test and range of motion of 10 joints using goniometry. The training protocol included three weekly sessions and was composed of nine exercises performed at a moderate intensity (eight to 12RM). The results demonstrated significant differences pre- to post-training for the Sit-and-Reach test for all training groups; however, only the G5S showed significant differences when compared to the CG (31.04 ± 5.94cm vs. 23.56 ± 6.76cm, respectively; p < 0.05). Of the ten joint movements measured, there were range of motion increases only to shoulder flexion (G1S), shoulder extension (G3S), elbow flexion (G3S), and knee flexion (G3S) when comparing pre- to post-training (p < 0.05). In conclusion, different resistance training volumes improved flexibility for some joints of young men. These findings indicate that performing only resistance training can result in increases in flexibility.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Sanchez, Carl A.
- Description:
- This study investigated the relationship between athletes’ perceptions of coaching behaviors and how these perceptions influenced the athletes’ life skill development. Life skills are defined as the ability to effectively communicate, make good decisions, problem solve, set and achieve desired goals, assume leadership roles, and manage time efficiently (Danish, Petitpas, & Hale 1993). The participants in this study were female college basketball players (n = 84) ranging in age from 18 – 25 years old. All participants completed the Youth Experience Survey – 2.0 that assessed their positive and negative experiences during sport participation. They also completed the Coaching Behavior Survey for Sports that measured various coaching behaviors and actions. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that the athletes reported several particular coaching behaviors that significantly influenced their personal development. These findings suggest that the coaching behaviors perceived by the athletes during instruction of “physical training and conditioning,” “technical skills,” and “goal setting,” led to personal experiences that influenced the athletes’ individual life skill development. During these training experiences, the athletes reported positive personal growth regarding the ability to regulate their temper, fear, anxiety, and stress; work in groups; and identifying with the social dynamics of sports participation. They also reported being inspired to identify, set, and achieve goals. Upon examining their interpersonal behaviors, the athletes reflected on how these behaviors influenced their outlook on life, social dynamics, and personal environment.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Blanchard, Erin H.
- Description:
- The population of older adults in the United States is rapidly increasing. Falls are a major health concern among the older adult population, and there is an increasing need for more theory-driven fall risk reduction programs that are multifactorial, effective, and inexpensive. The Stay Well At Home (SWAH) program was a 16-week, in-home multifactorial fall risk reduction program that was implemented by trained lay facilitators. The development of this intervention was guided by the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the efficacy of SWAH program as a multifactorial program, to determine its effectiveness as a HAPA-guided intervention, and also to inform further program development of the SWAH program. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of SWAH recipients (N=15) at the conclusion of the 8-week in-home phase of the program. The purpose of the interviews was to learn about participant experiences with the program and changes they may have observed in themselves. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then thematically analyzed. Themes were also related back to HAPA constructs. The major themes reported by SWAH recipients included an overall increase in fall protective behaviors (100%) as well as improvement in gait (80%), balance (73%), and physical performance (53%). Recipients also responded positively to the SWAH program content and structure. Common barriers for SWAH recipients were health and motivation barriers (73%) and taking the time to exercise (67%). Analysis of the main themes in this study suggest that SWAH was effective at implementing the HAPA model with the exception of successfully implementing action planning activities. The SWAH program was perceived by the interviewed participants as effective in reducing overall fall risk and was fairly successful as a HAPA-guided intervention. Further, it was well received and viewed as beneficial by many SWAH recipients.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Chavoya, Frank A.
- Description:
- Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder caused by a deletion of the paternal chromosome 15. PWS is characterized by increased body fat, hypotonia, growth hormone (GH) deficiency, motor and cognitive disabilities, and hyperphagia, potentially resulting in obesity. This study measured and compared the amount of calories spent while walking in PWS and controls. Participants included 8 children with PWS (7 were on growth hormone replacement therapy [GHRT], mean age = 11.1±0.8 y; body mass = 44.7±11.7 kg; height = 147.8±8.2 cm; body fat = 37.2±11.4 %; lean mass = 26.4±4.3 kg), 9 lean children (mean age = 9.8±2.0 y; body mass = 35.4±11.3 kg; height = 142.9±20.5 cm; body fat = 22.2±8.6 %; lean mass = 25.5±11.6 kg), and 10 obese children (mean age = 10.6±1.1 y; body mass = 62.1±14.6 kg; height = 151.1±9.6 cm; body fat = 44.4±3.7 %; lean mass = 33.3±5.1 kg). Lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) were measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants walked for three 5-minute bouts on a treadmill at 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mph, with a 6-minute seated rest period in between speeds. Expired gases were analyzed for minutes 4-5 of each speed. There were no group by time interactions for any of the variables of interest. PWS had a higher VO2 ml·kg-1 ·min-1 than obese (p = 0.041), but similar to lean (p = 1.000); PWS exhibited a greater caloric expenditure in kcal·kg-1 ·min-1 than obese (p = 0.028), but similar to lean (p = 1.000). No other differences were found among the PWS and control groups during walking for VO2 when expressed in L·min-1 or ml·kgLMB-1 ·min-1, caloric expenditure when expressed in kcal/min or kcal·kgLBM-1 ·min-1, or metabolic equivalents. The results of this study suggest that children with PWS are spending similar calories as lean controls of comparable body mass while walking. Thus, the difference in body fat does not appear to affect calories spent doing the same absolute work in PWS.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Mccaffrey, Sean
- Description:
- Low back pathologies are some of the most prevalent in western society. Two factors that have shown to influence low back pain are sitting and lifting; however, little research has identified how sitting effects muscle activation during these tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged sitting on muscle activation and muscle involvement of the biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), erector spinae (ES) and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles during a lifting task. Twenty-one recreationally active males (24 ± 2 years, 1.80 ± 0.06 m, 81.0 ± 12.50 kg, 25.16 ± 3.34 kg/m2 ) completed 5 lifts with a 22.68 kg crate before and after two hours of sitting. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activation during the concentric and eccentric phases of the lifts. Muscle activation ratios were calculated for each muscle during the lift. No significant differences were found in muscle activation ratios (p > 0.05) post sitting. There were no significant differences in RMS EMG for the GM, ES, and RF (p > 0.05) muscles; however, the BF muscle decreased 17% (p = 0.046) during the eccentric phase of the lift. Prolonged sitting significantly decreases muscle activation of the BF muscle. Therefore, altered pathologies could be expected in populations that sit for two hours or more.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Smith, Melinda
- Description:
- Gymnastics is a complex and progressive sport that is popular all over the world. Risk of injury is high due to the demands of training year round and increasing the difficulty of skills year after year. Research has focused on injury rates, but has not identified specific methods to identify risk and prevent injury in gymnastics. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool that has shown efficacy in predicting injury in various populations. However, no research has used the FMS to predict injuries in gymnasts. This study performed the FMS on gymnasts training levels 7-10. Thirty-one gymnasts, ages 10-18, agreed to participate in this study and were screened with the FMS. Participants were tracked for 4.5 months. Two left the study during the first month and were not included in the data. Injuries were tracked during the participant’s pre and regular season. No significant differences were found between injured and non-injured gymnasts in relation to the overall and individual FMS tests. Surprisingly, injured gymnasts scored better on the FMS (mean = 15.00±3.25) compared to the non-injured gymnasts (mean = 13.61±1.97). Differences were found between level 7 and level 9 gymnasts for mean overall FMS score (level 7 = 16.17±1.33, level 9 = 12.37±2.77, p<0.05) and the trunk stability push up between levels 7 (2.67±0.82) and 9 (0.75±1.34) and levels 8 (2.62±1.06) and 9 (0.75±1.34). The results from this study suggest that the FMS cannot predict injury in gymnastics. However, it may be a useful tool to track changes in functional movement as gymnasts progress through the levels of gymnastics. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Bathgate, Katie
- Description:
- Variation in physiological characteristics and performance ability between individuals depends on environmental influence and genetics. By using monozygous twins with different exercise training backgrounds, we are able to control for genetics to better comprehend the impact of exercise on physiological features and performance variables. One pair of male monozygous twins participated in this study. The trained twin (TT) had a 35-year history of training and competing in endurance sports. The untrained twin (UT) had not participated in regular or structured physical training since high school (~35 years ago). Both participants underwent a battery of physical tests for body composition, bone density, flexibility, lung capacity, strength, power, endurance performance (VO2max), and anaerobic performance (Wingate). The greatest differences between participants were found for body composition, strength, and aerobic capacity. UT produced more peak torque (254 Nm vs. 137 Nm, 59.9% difference) and had greater grip strength (right hand=56.5 vs. 44.3kg, 24.2% difference; left hand=51.7 vs. 43.7kg, 16.8% difference). However, UT had a lower absolute (3.67 vs. 4.66 L/min, 23.9% difference) and relative (35.1 vs. 47.5 ml/kg/m, 30.1% difference) VO2max. UT also had a higher body fat percentage (BF%) (27.8% vs. 19.2%, 36.6% difference). In conclusion, long-term endurance training positively influenced VO2max and body composition, but was associated with lower isometric leg extensor and handgrip strength.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Ros, Taylor
- Description:
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the PAP effect of kettlebell swings versus kettlebell jump squats on countermovement jump performance. The participants in this study were 7 female Division 1 basketball players (age = 19.14±1.86y, height = 172.21±10.46cm, mass = 70.56±7.25kg). A kettlebell that was 20% of the participant’s body mass was used for the conditioning activities, kettlebell swings (KBS) or kettlebell jump squats (KBJ). Three visits were completed to test each condition: control, KBS, KBJ. Participants completed 3 base line CMJs, then proceeded to the conditioning activity. The conditioning activity consisted of 5 repetitions followed by 1 minute rest, followed by 5 repetitions, then 3 minutes of rest before performing 3 CMJs. ANOVA tests indicated no significant interactions or main effects for any variable in CMJ performance. Although no significant differences were found, future research should examine the acute effects of these exercises with different critical variable manipulations.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Drouet, Phillip C.
- Description:
- Exercise has been used as a method to achieve, maintain, and improve health, fitness, and sport performance. Furthermore, it is often prescribed to treat, manage, or prevent the onset of hypertension. This may be more important for individuals that have a resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) categorized by the American Heart Association as prehypertensive (PHT). Aerobic exercise leads to a post-exercise reduction in SBP and DBP compared to rest, called post-exercise hypotension (PEH), however, it is unknown whether upper (UBRE) and lower body resistance exercise (LBRE) in isolation results in similar reductions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of PEH between upper and lower body resistance exercises in normotensive (NT) and PHT individuals. Twenty-three recreationally trained PHT males (age = 24.4±3.5yrs.; ht = 176.2±7.7cm; mass = 86.6±20.9kg) performed UBRE (bench press, lat pull down, seated shoulder press) and LBRE (back squat, leg curl, knee extension) in a counterbalanced fashion (4 sets of 6 repetitions at 75% 1-RM with 2 minutes rest between sets, and 1 minute rest between exercise) on 2 separate days followed by 60 minutes of quiet seated rest. Blood pressure (BP) was measured immediately post exercise and every 10 minutes for 60 minutes thereafter. For SBP and DBP there was condition x time interaction where SBP and DBP were lower at different time points for UBRE and LBRE. Also no differences were seen between NT and PHT. Similar effects of PEH occur with UBRE and LBRE between NT and PHT populations.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Leyva, Whitney
- Description:
- Strength coaches are searching for the best way to train their athletes to be bigger, faster, and stronger in order to increase performance. A unique form of power training is to try and invoke a postactivation potentiation (PAP). PAP is based on the premise of performing a heavy resistance exercise followed by a power exercise, resulting in increased power performance. Back squats (BS) are normally used, but a less researched tool is the hex bar deadlift. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the potentiating effects of the back squat vs. HBDL on vertical jump performance. Ten resistance-trained men (age=22.15±2.66yrs, ht=178.10±7.20cm, mass=78.91±8.67kg) volunteered to participate and performed 3 pre countermovement jumps (CMJ) then 3 repetitions of BS or HBDL at 85% 1RM. To perform the CMJ, subjects jumped with arm swing on a force plate. The BS was performed with a standard barbell in a power rack with a safety squat device to insure a quad parallel position. The HBDL was performed using the low handles without straps. Following the BS or HBDL, subjects rested 8 minutes then performed 3 post CMJ. A control condition consisted of 3 pre CMJ, 8 minutes of standing rest, then 3 post CMJ. For jump height, there was an interaction of condition x time where the control and squat conditions resulted in a significant decrease in post vertical jump with no difference in deadlift. Manipulation of critical variables determines PAP outcomes. PAP is highly individualized and training experience of the subjects may have been too low to demonstrate increased performance.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Record, Shaina
- Description:
- The purpose of this study was to examine intra-individual arousal and anxiety fluctuation and their association with performance in two different military-based challenges in collegiate ROTC cadets (aged 22.78 ± 3.49). Arousal and performance data were collected from 20 male cadets who performed in a military-task competition in order to earn a German Armed Forces Badge (GAFB). Data were collected from the pistol shoot and swim competitions, with arousal measured via salivary cortisol level, and anxiety measured using state scores from the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Using binary logistic regression analyses, no relationships were found between changes in the arousal and anxiety measures and performance of ROTC cadets on the militarybased challenges. It is hypothesized that these findings are specific to the population, and that in more experienced populations the relationship would have been different. Variables that likely interfered with a potential relationship between arousal/anxiety and performance in these cadets included, but were not limited to, experience, time of day of the competitions, diet, hydration, wakening time, and sleep.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
20. Isometric Strength between Olympic and Hexagonal Barbells and Relationship to Countermovement Jump
- Creator:
- Malyszek, Kylie
- Description:
- The hexagonal barbell is a commonly used implement for strength and power development. However, as it is a relatively novel tool, little is known of the performance differences between a hexagonal (hex) bar and an Olympic bar. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare isometric performance between hex bar and Olympic bar at the mid-thigh and deadlift position. Isometric performance was then compared to dynamic performance via countermovement jump. Twenty resistance trained men (age = 24.05 ± 2.09 years, ht = 178.07 ± 7.05 cm, mass = 91.42 ± 14.44kg) volunteered to participate. Participants performed isometric mid-thigh pulls (MTP) and isometric deadlifts (DL) utilizing the Olympic bar (OL) and both low (LH) and high (HH) handles on the hex bar. Isometric performance was then compared to dynamic countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Joint angle was recorded for all pulls and the countermovement portion of the jump. MTP force variables were greater than DL for all lifts, with the only difference between bars seen at RFD 50ms, where HH produced greater RFD than LH. MTP joint angles were more extended than DL angles, and the strongest correlation between isometric and dynamic performance was seen between DL PGRF and CMJ impulse. The findings are likely due to the biomechanical characteristics of the MTP and DL as well as the similarity in joint angle between the DL and CMJ positions.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
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