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- Creator:
- Moua, Cha
- Description:
- Long-term studies of animal ranging ecology are critical to understanding how animals utilize their habitat across space and time. Although gelada monkeys (Theropithecus gelada) inhabit an unusual, high altitude habitat that presents unique ecological challenges, no long-term studies of their ranging behavior have been conducted. To close this gap, I investigated the daily path length (DPL), annual home ranges (95%), and annual core areas (50%) of a band of ~220 wild gelada monkeys at Guassa, Ethiopia, from January 2007 to December 2011 (for total of n = 785 full-day follows). I estimated annual home ranges and core area using the fixed kernel reference (FK REF) and smoothed cross-validation (FK SCV) bandwidths, and the minimum convex polygon (MCP) method. Both annual home range (MCP - 2007: 5.9 km2 ; 2008: 8.6 km2 ; 2009: 9.2 km2 ; 2010: 11.5 km2 ; 2011: 11.6 km2 ) and core area increased over the 5-year study period. The MCP and FK REF generated broadly consistent, though slightly larger estimates that contained areas in which the geladas were never observed. All three methods omitted one to 19 sleeping sites from the home range depending on the year. Thus, neither the MCP nor fixed kernel estimators were more accurate than the other. Similarly, mean annual DPL (± SE m) increased over the study period (2007: 2,848±57 m; 2008: 3,339±65 m; 2009: 3,272±72 m; 2010: 3,835±80 m; 2011: 4,100±86 m). In general, the geladas showed remarkable variation in daily, monthly, and annual DPL. I also investigated the effects of movement across uneven topography on DPL, and I discuss the ecological implications of these findings. I compare the ranging behavior of geladas at Guassa to (a) geladas at other study sites, (b) to Papio (baboon) species, (c) to both terrestrial and arboreal primates, and (d) to grazing ungulates. The extensive interannual variability in ranging patterns in this study demonstrates the importance of longterm monitoring for wild nonhuman primates and its implications for conservation policy.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Anthropology
- Creator:
- Miller, Erikah
- Description:
- The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between perceived physical attractiveness and counterproductive workplace behavior. The main hypothesis was that the more physically attractive an employee rated himself/herself to be, the more likely he/she would be to engage in counterproductive behavior in the workplace. One hundred and sixty-seven participants were recruited for the present study; some from various undergraduate classes at California State University, Fullerton and others from the workplaces of these students who took part in the study. Close to half of the study’s participants (n = 88) were categorized as the “Worker” while the other half (n = 79) were labeled the “Coworkers” of the students in the Worker sample. Two measures of workplace deviance and one measure of attraction were used to survey the participants. Based on the participants’ self-reports (Counterproductive Behavior Index, Goodstein & Lanyon, 2002; Workplace Deviance Scale, Bennett & Robinson, 2000; and the Interpersonal Attraction Scale, McCroskey & McCain, 1974), no relationship between counterproductive workplace behavior and attraction was found in the Worker population even when age and work tenure were assessed. However, the Coworker ratings of the Worker population suggested otherwise. A positive relationship was found for physical attraction and counterproductive workplace behavior. Higher attractive ratings by Coworkers, correlated with higher ratings of counterproductive behavior of Workers in their workplace. Overall findings suggested a halo effect found in the Coworker ratings of their peers; Coworkers rated their peers much lower in all measures of deviance. Further investigation is warranted to assess this effect in the workplace.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Psychology
- Creator:
- Carter, Ariel L.
- Description:
- Adult California grunion, Leuresthes tenuis, spawn on sandy beaches during spring high tides. Embryos develop within the sand enclosed in the chorion, which must be strong enough to protect the embryo but also allow rapid hatching. Grunion embryos are competent to hatch at 8 days post-fertilization (dpf) at 20°C, but require agitation in seawater to hatch, and can delay hatching up to 30 dpf. I hypothesized that chorions of fertilized eggs would require more force to break than chorions of unfertilized eggs because of hardening of the chorion at fertilization, and that chorions would require more force to break during normal incubation (10 dpf) than after extended incubation (28 dpf) due to degradation over time. Gametes were collected from grunion in March-July 2013- 2015. Eggs were fertilized and embryos were incubated in the laboratory at 20°C for up to 30 dpf. Mean crushing force (N) did not differ significantly between unfertilized and fertilized eggs except for 1 of 9 collection dates when it was significantly greater in fertilized eggs. Thus, the hardness of grunion chorions apparently does not increase at fertilization. Mean crushing force did not differ significantly between 10 dpf and 28 dpf but decreased significantly over the 28 days of incubation in 7 of 14 clutches. I used hydrophobic interaction column chromatography to partially purify the choriolytic enzyme, which allows the embryo to hatch from the chorion, and enzyme kinetics parameters were estimated. The Vmax was 0.045 ± 0.003 ΔA280 min-1 mg-1 protein and the Km value was 0.652 ± 0.111 mg casein ml-1 .
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Creator:
- Vorhies, Cara
- Description:
- This mixed methods study analyzes the emergence of a recent learning theory—heutagogy—and studies its relevance to classroom teachers in terms of 21st-century skills and the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). There is a lack of understanding within the field of P-12 education of the use of heutagogy as an educational orientation. Therefore, this study represents the perspectives of high school teachers regarding their educational orientation toward learning and teaching, and it attempts to explain the use, or lack of use, of heutagogical techniques by teachers in public, comprehensive high schools. In this explanatory sequential research study, survey data (N = 34) were first collected in a Southern California school district to explore educators’ educational orientations and then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Second, purposeful sampling from the survey data was used to write case profiles of three teachers with self-reported orientations consistent with each of three learning theories: pedagogy, andragogy, and heutagogy. The use of semistructured interviews and document review further enhanced the researcher’s understanding of teachers’ use of learning theories in their own classrooms and how educators perceived their readiness and execution of the CCSS. Overall, the quantitative research found that teachers in the district under study generally fell within the spectrum of high pedagogy to high andragogy; no teacher was found to be primarily linked with heutagogy. Teachers within the school district were found to be comparable in terms of educational theories, mostly aligning within the range of andragogy. Qualitative results indicate a need for the school district to encourage and support teacher efforts; recognize educators as learners and as professionals; adopt long-term professional development, especially in 21st century skills; and legitimize new learning theories to avoid fixed habits in administrators and educators. Although the limited sample size prevented forming conclusions about all teachers in the district, the findings suggest a progressive direction for the district. Educators reported relative alignment with andragogy and movement toward heutagogical practice, which may have a positive impact on the execution of the CCSS, possibly resulting in higher levels of student achievement and equitable student outcomes.
- Resource Type:
- Dissertation
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Educational Leadership
- Creator:
- Sanders, Janelle A.
- Description:
- The majority of Americans endorse egalitarian views, however our society is still plagued by prejudice and discrimination. (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2000). Unfortunately, great disparities exist in the treatment of individuals based on race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2000). It appears discrimination has become more subtle over the past forty years; however, it can still have dire consequences for minority groups (Pearson, Dovidion & Gaertner, 2009). Though research has examined this understated form of discrimination in the legal system from various theoretical perspectives, little research has focused on Social Dominance Theory (Pratto & Sidanius, 1994) for biases in juror decision making. SDT describes how social divisions are created in order to maintain or increase hierarchical separation of groups (Pratto et al., 1994). A key component to SDT is an individual’s personal Social Dominance Orientation (SDO; Pratto et al., 1994). SDO refers to the degree in which an individual values social groups arranged hierarchically (Pratto et al., 1994). Applied to the legal system, jurors who endorse hierarchical arrangements of groups are more likely to be punitive toward perceived subordinate groups (e.g., minorities and the poor). In addition, juror demographic characteristics, such as gender and SES, have been shown to influence juror decisions. Specifically, juror gender and SES often combine to contribute to biases toward a defendant. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how Social Dominance Theory can explain the interaction of juror SDO, juror gender, and juror SES to explain juror biases in decision making. Archival data, collected from 375 undergraduates at California State University, Fullerton, will be used to examine the hypotheses that female jurors, with high SES and SDO, will find the defendant guilty more often, recommended harsher sentences, find the defendant to be more culpable of the crime, and rate the defendant more negatively on a variety of trait ratings. Results demonstrated a nonsignificant relationship between juror gender, SDO, SES and verdict outcomes; the majority of participants found the defendant to be guilty of the crime. Similarly, juror gender, SDO, and SES did not significantly relate to sentence length, however a trend showed that female jurors, of high SDO and SES, were among the participants more likely to recommend a life sentence to the defendant. As predicted there was a significant three-way interaction between the independent variables and culpability measures; however, the direction of results only partially supported the hypothesis. Lastly, the fourth hypothesis was fully supported in that female jurors, high in social dominance and socioeconomic status rated the defendant more negatively on a number of trait ratings. Several findings in the current study were surprising and additional research is needed to further understand the ways in which SDO interacts with genders and SES to influence juror decision-making. Future studies would benefit from taking into account whether or not the juror is a parents, as well as some demographic factors of the defendant.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Psychology
- Creator:
- Khanal, Prakash Chandra
- Description:
- Based on previous studies, ground reinforcement methods such as stone columns, jet grouting, dynamic compaction, soil cement mixing, etc. are commonly used against potential liquefaction, settlement and to improve the bearing capacity of soil. However, additional benefits of ground improvement such as the possible reduction in seismic ground shaking are not usually considered in the practice or in the current International Building Code (IBC). As seismic damage is a major concern, soil-cement mixing was found to be the most effective in reducing of ground shaking levels. Among soil-cement mixing, compacted soil-cement panels have been considered as one among the most effective improvement techniques for seismic remediation. Past research shows that replacement of a portion of soil up to certain depth using compacted soil-cement mixture works effectively in improving soft clays and loose dry sand. However, field compaction effort requires some preparation and additional cost. The present study compares the results obtained through deep soil mixing panels with the results obtained with compacted clay based soil-cement panel. The compacted soil-cement panels and deep soil mixing panels corresponding to replacement ratios of 10% and 20% were prepared and cured for 14 days. A series of small-scale shake table tests were performed using models with unimproved and improved soil with reinforcement panels at different seismic shaking levels. The research results show that compacted soil-cement panels are more effective in reducing seismic amplification than deep soil mixing panels. The compacted soil cement panels could reduce the seismic amplification by 12% and 25%, whereas the reduction for deep soil mixing panels was 9% and 15% for the replacement ratios of 10% and 20%, respectively.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Creator:
- Rael, Carie Renee
- Description:
- The student movement in California has influenced the direction of public higher education since the Free Speech Movement in the 1960s. Students have largely been ignored within the historical narrative despite directly affecting the progress of California’s public higher education system. This project discusses the accomplishments of the student movement, which include the creation of the Ethnic and Women Studies programs, the fight against the Bakke decision, Proposition 187 and Proposition 209, along with students standing up against the privatization of public higher education. The successes for the student movement created a significant conservative backlash that drove California’s public higher education system further into the private sphere despite the student movement’s best efforts. Oral histories from various student activists along with flyers, pamphlets, protest signs, video footage, newspaper articles, audio recordings, and other archival evidence make up the primary sources for this project. The oral histories from student activists provide narratives normally left out of the history of California’s education system and create a more complex history of California’s public higher education system.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of History
- Creator:
- Rossel, Cezar
- Description:
- Technology hardware and software are becoming increasingly available for use in the classroom. Even so, its effectiveness for learning new concepts in mathematics must be verified. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not middle school students with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD), Other Heath Impairments (OHI), or Emotionally Disturbed (ED) learned mathematics content using an online mathematics program, Khan Academy, as opposed to teacher-led instruction or a combination of both teacher-led and Khan Academy. A quasi-experimental design was used with the students serving as their own comparison group. Students were exposed to three different conditions over the course of four months: 1) computer aided instruction solely, 2) computer aided instruction with adult support, and 3) direct instruction from the teacher. The participants were middle school students in the 7th and 8th grade in a special class designed for students with challenging behaviors. Ten participants, eight males and two females with a broad range of disabilities ranging from Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD), Other Heath Impairments (OHI), or Emotionally Disturbed (ED) took part in this study. The results were inconclusive; however there was exceptional social validity and significance in that all students profited from all models of instruction, student attention to tasks were improved and negative behaviors were not increased in two of the three models. Only the condition in which students could not ask for assistance resulted in offtask or negative behavior. Thus, even though the study was limited by the small sample size and the short trial period, the results supported the use of Khan Academy as a tool for instruction of students with challenging behaviors.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Special Education
- Creator:
- Blanchard, Erin H.
- Description:
- The population of older adults in the United States is rapidly increasing. Falls are a major health concern among the older adult population, and there is an increasing need for more theory-driven fall risk reduction programs that are multifactorial, effective, and inexpensive. The Stay Well At Home (SWAH) program was a 16-week, in-home multifactorial fall risk reduction program that was implemented by trained lay facilitators. The development of this intervention was guided by the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the efficacy of SWAH program as a multifactorial program, to determine its effectiveness as a HAPA-guided intervention, and also to inform further program development of the SWAH program. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of SWAH recipients (N=15) at the conclusion of the 8-week in-home phase of the program. The purpose of the interviews was to learn about participant experiences with the program and changes they may have observed in themselves. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then thematically analyzed. Themes were also related back to HAPA constructs. The major themes reported by SWAH recipients included an overall increase in fall protective behaviors (100%) as well as improvement in gait (80%), balance (73%), and physical performance (53%). Recipients also responded positively to the SWAH program content and structure. Common barriers for SWAH recipients were health and motivation barriers (73%) and taking the time to exercise (67%). Analysis of the main themes in this study suggest that SWAH was effective at implementing the HAPA model with the exception of successfully implementing action planning activities. The SWAH program was perceived by the interviewed participants as effective in reducing overall fall risk and was fairly successful as a HAPA-guided intervention. Further, it was well received and viewed as beneficial by many SWAH recipients.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Chavoya, Frank A.
- Description:
- Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder caused by a deletion of the paternal chromosome 15. PWS is characterized by increased body fat, hypotonia, growth hormone (GH) deficiency, motor and cognitive disabilities, and hyperphagia, potentially resulting in obesity. This study measured and compared the amount of calories spent while walking in PWS and controls. Participants included 8 children with PWS (7 were on growth hormone replacement therapy [GHRT], mean age = 11.1±0.8 y; body mass = 44.7±11.7 kg; height = 147.8±8.2 cm; body fat = 37.2±11.4 %; lean mass = 26.4±4.3 kg), 9 lean children (mean age = 9.8±2.0 y; body mass = 35.4±11.3 kg; height = 142.9±20.5 cm; body fat = 22.2±8.6 %; lean mass = 25.5±11.6 kg), and 10 obese children (mean age = 10.6±1.1 y; body mass = 62.1±14.6 kg; height = 151.1±9.6 cm; body fat = 44.4±3.7 %; lean mass = 33.3±5.1 kg). Lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) were measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants walked for three 5-minute bouts on a treadmill at 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mph, with a 6-minute seated rest period in between speeds. Expired gases were analyzed for minutes 4-5 of each speed. There were no group by time interactions for any of the variables of interest. PWS had a higher VO2 ml·kg-1 ·min-1 than obese (p = 0.041), but similar to lean (p = 1.000); PWS exhibited a greater caloric expenditure in kcal·kg-1 ·min-1 than obese (p = 0.028), but similar to lean (p = 1.000). No other differences were found among the PWS and control groups during walking for VO2 when expressed in L·min-1 or ml·kgLMB-1 ·min-1, caloric expenditure when expressed in kcal/min or kcal·kgLBM-1 ·min-1, or metabolic equivalents. The results of this study suggest that children with PWS are spending similar calories as lean controls of comparable body mass while walking. Thus, the difference in body fat does not appear to affect calories spent doing the same absolute work in PWS.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fullerton
- Department:
- Department of Kinesiology