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- Creator:
- Jeffrey P. Reiner
- Description:
- Suspended sediment was investigated above and below beaver ponds in the Beaver Creek drainage in the south central mountains of Idaho near Idaho City from March 1979 through September 1979. The study was to identify the potential for beaver ponds as settling basins for suspended sediment in wildland watersheds. Two sampling stations were established above and below a beaver colony. The parameters measured included suspended sediment, stream discharge, and water temperature. Also, the beaver pond volumes and surface areas and beaver dam lengths and heights were measured. The data were collected weekly from March through September, except during May and June when sampling was more frequent to bracket the peak flow period. The data demonstrated that suspended sediment was deposited in the beaver ponds. The proportion of suspended sediment deposited in the beaver ponds averaged about 38 percent on the rising limb, 10 percent during the peak flow period, and 65 percent on the falling limb. The suspended sediment ratio was negatively correlated with stream discharge and positively correlated with water temperature. The relationship between the suspended sediment ratio and the stream discharge and water temperature was significant at the 0.05 level. The quantity of suspended sediment deposited in the beaver ponds during the study period was 78.2 tons, which was approximately 25 percent of the suspended sediment load transported through the above sampling station.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Environmental Science & Management
- Creator:
- J. Lincoln Freese
- Description:
- The abundance, seasonal distribution, holding habitat and behavior of adult summer steelhead were studied during the summers of 1979-1981 in the Trinity River system, California. The North Fork Trinity River and New River were the only streams in the drainage harboring significant numbers of steelhead during the summer months. Estimated combined run size for both streams ranged from a maximum of 776 fish in 1980 to a minimum of 455 fish in 1981. Summer steelhead began entering the tributaries in early June; entry peaked during mid-July. Steelhead numbers and distribution had substantially stabilized by early August. Summer steelhead were tagged in a single holding pool in the North Fork Trinity River during September 1981. Subsequent surveys revealed that they remained in that pool until the first storm fronts had passed through the area in early October, at which time small groups of fish rapidly migrated upstream. However, some tagged fish were still present at the tagging site in early November. High stream discharge precluded further survey work after that time. Holding pools do not appear to be a limiting factor for adult summer steelhead in either tributary. During the study period, the percentage of pools harboring one or more adult summer steelhead ranged from a minimum of 14 percent to a maximum of 36 percent in the North Fork; corresponding values for the New River were 27 percent and 31 percent. Twenty-seven pools in the New River were surveyed periodically during the summer of 1980. Factor analysis suggested a relationship between steelhead numbers in pools and available cover and shade, but failed to show a relationship between steelhead numbers, pool dimensions, upstream gradient, downstream gradient or distance to first downstream pool. Although no statistical analysis of steelhead numbers and other pool variables was performed for the North Fork Trinity River, observations indicate a high correlation between steelhead numbers and pool dimensions in that stream. Gold-dredging activity was heavy in the New River watershed, and appeared to have had an effect upon steelhead distribution among holding pools in that stream. Heavy poaching activity is a significant threat to the continued survival of the summer steelhead run in the New River drainage. U.S. Forest Service barrier modification efforts in the North Fork Trinity River appeared to have had an effect upon summer steelhead distribution. Steelhead were observed in greater numbers in upstream areas, and were concentrated in a fewer numbers of pools, after barriers were modified. Analysis of scales taken from North Fork Trinity River summer steelhead revealed that 95 percent of returnees smolted at age 2, 44 percent of returnees made their initial upstream migration as "halfpounders", and 42 percent of returnees were repeat spawners.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Fisheries
- Creator:
- Jones, Maureen Gertrude
- Description:
- In most temperate coniferous forests, the vast majority of vascular plant species richness can be found in the understory layer. While the large-scale conversion of forests to plantations has made it increasingly important to understand how understory flora responds to timber harvesting, there is a surprising paucity of data concerning this topic. Ideally, long-term studies using permanent plots would be used to directly assess post-logging patterns of recovery, both for whole floras and for individual species of conservation interest. Unfortunately, these studies are lacking, and alternative approaches are critical. I used a 420 year forest chronosequence to assess the relationship between stand age, overstory cover and vascular plant understory richness and composition in one watershed in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon. The chronosequence consisted of six young managed (age 7-44) and nine older unmanaged (age 90-427) stands. All stands were similar in underlying geology, slope, elevation, and aspect. I found a non-linear relationship between stand age and richness, in which richness showed a steady decline as young stands entered canopy closure, then increased as stands gained older forest attributes such as light gaps and structural diversity. I also found that percent open canopy was correlated with total percent understory cover, richness, diversity and changes in species composition. In general, young stands were characterized by high shrub and graminoid cover and old stands were characterized by an abundant herb layer. In my study area, a large proportion of young managed stands are currently entering canopy closure, a stage characterized by low vascular plant species richness and abundance. I use my results to discuss the potential effects of past and future forest management on vascular plant understory species.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Biology
- Creator:
- Fischer, Jon K.
- Description:
- Elk habitat use and group size were studied during winter and spring near Grass Lake in Siskiyou County, California, from September 1982 through June 1984. Habitat use was based on visual observations of elk from December 1982 through June 1983 and December 1983 through June 1984, and telemetry-locations of three cow elk equipped with transmitters from February through June of 1984. Based on data from both methods, elk used meadows more (P<0.05) than their availability. Elk use of some habitats changed seasonally. Woodland use declined from winter to spring, concomitant with increased meadow use. However, elk use of mixed conifers and grasslands did not change from winter to spring. Some sighting-based estimates of habitat use by elk were different from telemetry-based estimates. Sighting-based estimates of mixed conifer use were less (P<0.05) than corresponding telemetry-based estimates. Sighting-based estimates of meadow use for Spring and the Year of 1984 were greater (P<0.05) than corresponding telemetry-based estimates. Sighting-based estimates of use for all other habitats were equivalent (P<0.05) to corresponding telemetry-based estimates of use. Elk mean group size was 15.9 (SD=l3.4, range: 1-46). Mean group size was 19.8 (SD=l6.0) during winter and 14.7 (SD=ll.6) during spring. Group size in meadows was significantly greater (P<0.05), and group size in mixed conifers was significantly less (P<0.05) than the mean group size for the study period.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Creator:
- McGrew, Karen C.
- Description:
- Russian Peak, at an elevation of 8200 feet, is situated in the Salmon Mountains, a north-south trending range centrally located within the Klamath Region of northwestern California. The Salmon Mountains are drained by the Scott River on the east and by the Salmon River on the west; both rivers course northwesterly to discharge into the Klamath River. The Klamath Region is a geologically old and structurally complex series of ranges which grade into the Coast Ranges on the west and into the Cascade Mountains on the northeast. Russian Peak is located in Klamath National Forest, within Siskiyou County, approximately eight miles westsouthwest of the town of Callahan. Access to the area is via Forest Service roads and·unimproved roads off of State Highway 3, which runs northward out of Weaverville. Selection of Russian Peak and its environs as a study area was based on several factors: the lack of bryological collections in the area (Personal communication, Norris, 1973); the presence of relict conifer species as described by Sawyer and Thornburgh (1971); and the presence of a diverse, largely circumboreal moss population on the Marble Mountains, located approximately fifteen miles to the northwest (Spjut, 1971). The objective of the following study was to identify bryophyte species within the area and to determine if the findings would lend further support to the concept of a refugium or "central" area, as described by Whittaker(l961), within the Klamath Region. Collections were made from around five lakes, including their headwaters and drainages, during the summers of 1973 and 1974. A total of 786 specimens were collected, representing 152 species. Collections were made at elevations between 5500 feet and 7200 feet in the following drainages: 1) Sugar Lake and Sugar Creek, August, 1973; 2) South Sugar Lake, August, 1974 (with D.H. Norris); 3) Bingham Lake, September, 1974 (with D.H. Norris); 4) Russian Lake, September, 1973; 5) Waterdog Lake, Lower Russian Lake and South Russian Creek, September, 1973. Bryophytes were collected along paths, in drainages, and from around the lakes. Effort was made to include special habitats, such as springs, marshes, serpentine outcrops, exposed granite walls, rock crevices, and areas adjacent to perennial snow patches. Each collection was identified, checked with specimens from the cryptogamic collection at Humboldt State University, and verified by D. H. Norris. Voucher specimens are on deposit at the Humboldt State University Herbarium (HSC). Collection numbers preceded by the prefix "N" are those of D. H. Norris; all others are those of the author.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Biology
- Creator:
- Tennyson, Jo
- Description:
- Handwriting/fine motor difficulties are well documented as serious hindrances to academic learning for kindergarten and elementary school children. Intervention techniques to remediate these problems have been researched by educators and occupational therapists. Effective occupational therapy interventions have been found to include visual motor tasks, kinesthetic and dexterity training and motor planning/strengthening activities. Occupational therapists, mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, work with these students in the school setting to enhance handwriting/fine motor skills to meet classroom curriculum demands. Humboldt County teachers have reported a high incidence of students with these deficits in their classrooms yet reported a low frequency of referral to occupational therapists for intervention. Funding and a lack of general knowledge about the role of therapists’ in the school setting appear to be barriers to implementation of therapy services for students. These same teachers indicated a strong interest in continuing education on remediation techniques. An educational module designed for staff development for teachers in Humboldt County on handwriting/fine motor intervention strategies appears to be needed. Curriculum for students is rigorous with many academic topics to cover. Imbedding fine motor remediation techniques into another discipline seems advantageous. Food related activities naturally lend themselves to fine motor involvement. Staff training encouraging vegetable awareness and handwriting skill acquisition is an effective way to impact student learning in two specialty areas. Linking fine motor intervention with nutrition education will be a cost effective, compelling, and creative solution to meet teacher and ultimately student needs in Humboldt County.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis and Presentation
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Education
- Creator:
- McGourty, Katie R.
- Description:
- Eucyclogobius newberryi, the tidewater goby, is a federally endangered species endemic to coastal lagoons and estuaries in California. Little is known about the biology of this species in northern California. We conducted a 14-month study (November 2004-December 2005) to determine spawning time, fecundity, habitat utilization, and parasites of a tidewater goby population in Big Lagoon, Humboldt County, CA. Spawning time was determined by monthly length-frequency data and by the presence of gravid females. Spawning occurred throughout the year. Two distinct age classes were observed in June-August 2005. Gravid females were collected in March and May-July 2005. Goby habitat utilization was evaluated using a stratified random sampling technique on a seasonal basis. High goby densities were commonly associated with vegetation in silt and sand substrates. A previously unrecognized microsporidian is described from the musculature of Eucyclogobius newberryi. Spores are ovid with mean length=2.8 um and mean width=1.9 um. The polar tube has 9 or 10 coils in 1 or 2 rows. Development occurs in direct contact with muscle host cell cytoplasm, without xenoma or sporophorous vessicle formation. Phylogenetic analysis of the new species and of 35 other microsporidians known to infect fish using 1115 bp of aligned 16S rRNA gene indicate the new species is most closely related to Kabatana takedai, with 11% sequence divergence. Divergence in morphology and genetic data supports recognition of a new species of microsporidia, Kabatana newberryi n.sp., presently known only from Eucyclogobius newberryi.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Fisheries
- Creator:
- Nickle, Ward B.
- Description:
- It is the intent of this study to simulate the invasion of Cortaderia jubata, jubata grass, into a disturbed second growth redwood forest where the dynamics of the grass and its relationship to the environment are explored through a spatially explicit individual based landscape model. The field of neighborhood approach is used to simulate both the evolution of the forest and the grass. What is of particular interest is the success of the invader in terms of spatial distribution and time with regard to varying disturbance regimes. To assess these qualities, seed dispersal and the field of neighborhood each plant exerts are used to parameterize the model and a measurable plant attribute, self thinning, not included in the model assumptions, is used to test the model's validity.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Mathematical Modeling
- Creator:
- Archibald, Wiley Hall
- Description:
- Harbor seals have been listed as a species likely to benefit from new Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in California as part of the Marine Life Protection Act. Whereas seals may experience direct and indirect effects from these MPAs as a whole, the impacts of individual MPAs remains unclear. To support the analysis of the impacts of one new MPA located in South Humboldt Bay (SHB), California, I conducted two studies to measure the site fidelity of individual harbor seals within SHB and to describe the changes in distribution and abundance of hauled-out seals inside and outside the new MPA there. From June 2011 through May 2012, I used radio telemetry to assess site fidelity of 28 individually tagged seals. Most seals had high fidelity (>75%) for SHB haul-outs, indicating that these seals are present enough to potentially benefit from added protection. However, the use of radio telemetry proved difficult and costly for long-term data collection. Therefore, weekly visual surveys were implemented beginning in July 2012 to track the habitat use of all seals hauled-out in SHB. There were significant seasonal differences in seal abundance (ANOVA, F5 = 4.047, p < 0.01) and groupings (ANOVA, F5 = 10.06, p <0.01), particularly between the winter and the spring seasons. In addition to highlighting key seasons for additional management and monitoring, these surveys proved more successful and sustainable than radio telemetry for monitoring year-round impacts of the new MPA on harbor seals.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Biology
- Creator:
- Aloe, Echo
- Resource Type:
- Student Research
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Mattice, Daraxa
- Description:
- Tribal Nations throughout American history have had a complex existence while trying to navigate through the US government’s definition of tribal sovereignty. There is a link between history and continuing issues that are stagnating economic growth within Tribal Nations. Diverse laws and their meanings have had a detrimental effect on tribal people and their land base. This project is about the link between these complexities and the current state of American Indian Nations economic growth. I will look at these laws in a historical context and discuss what tribes are doing economically today.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Business Administration
- Creator:
- Wilkinson, Sarah
- Description:
- The purpose of this project was to build the capacity of a Perinatal and Postpartum Support Network in a county in rural Northern California to effectively engage, cultivate and build up the community supports that address perinatal mental health. The goal of this Network is to raise awareness of the issues that surround perinatal and postpartum mental health and build up the community supports in order to strengthen the families and the community. This project used a participatory change framework, and the ideologies from community capacity building, to enhance the processes of the current Network and subcommittee members to identify and strengthen community relationships, bridge partnerships, bring new participants to the table, and identify already existing community supports. Outcomes of this project will be used to inspire and support future community leaders and to sustain the current efforts of the Network to support and improve maternal mental health in the county.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Social Work
- Creator:
- Besyk, Nichole R.
- Description:
- Plant available phosphorus (P) occurs in anionic forms which become unavailable (retained) when iron and aluminum oxides form insoluble phosphate complexes. P-retention is especially likely to occur under acid conditions in soils containing short range order (SRO; poorly crystalline) materials, namely allophane and imogolite. This set of characteristics is common in volcanic-derived forest soils in Pacific Northwest timber regions. P-retention was investigated in Powellton (Fine-loamy, parasesquic, mesic Andic Haplohumults) and Aiken (Fine, parasesquic, mesic Xeric Haplohumults) soil series from Feather Falls and Whitmore “Garden of Eden” sites, respectively. Some soils received heavy fertilization over multiple years; another set of unfertilized soils were compared as a control. Results show that pHNaF (indicator of SRO materials), soil carbon, and New Zealand P-retention decreased with soil depth in both soils. In near-surface horizons, Feather Falls soil had higher pHNaF, carbon content, and P-retention than the Whitmore soil. Unexpected high P-retention at Feather Falls is probably due to the presence of P-fixing organo-metal complexes in Feather Falls surface horizons. TheWhitmore soil shows higher pHNaF and P-retention than Feather Falls in deep horizons. At Whitmore, the drop in P-retention with depth is attributed to decreasing SRO minerals deeper in the profile; at Feather Falls, a simultaneous drop in carbon and SRO minerals contributes to the pattern of P-retention with depth. Fertilized surface soils at Feather Falls showed ten percent less P-retention than unfertilized soils at that site. Fertilization did not affect P-retention at Whitmore. pHNaF was the single best predictor of P-retention, with other important factors including depth, soil carbon, and soil “redness” (a quantitative measure representing iron content) in a mixed-effects regression of P-retention for these soils.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Natural Resources
- Creator:
- Dockham, Andrea Sue
- Description:
- Morphological changes in the Dry Creek (Sonoma County, California) associated with Warm Spring Dam, have reduced habitat availability for rearing fish, and potentially altered the community structure of benthic invertebrates that form the prey-base for juvenile salmonids. I described and compared the structure of benthic invertebrate assemblages and the diets of juvenile steelhead among four stream reaches of Dry Creek downstream of Warm Springs Dam. I hypothesized that if prey availability contributes to factors restricting the success of juvenile salmonids in mainstem Dry Creek, then diet composition should parallel observed differences in reach-specific relative condition and length of juvenile salmonids. Benthic invertebrate assemblages in Dry Creek displayed a longitudinal trend from Warm Springs Dam to the confluence with the Russian River; however, steelhead diet composition did not correspond with reach-specific benthic invertebrate assemblages as expected. Drift-foraging is likely an important feeding strategy for steelhead in mainstem Dry Creek. Steelhead condition and body length corresponded with reach-specific differences in steelhead diet composition. However, reach-specific differences in energetic cost associated with longitudinal differences in water temperature (water temperature was positively correlated with distance from the dam) may be a greater contributor to differences in steelhead size. The relatively high steelhead summer growth rates, in comparison with similar studies, may result from artificially-sustained summer flows in mainstem Dry Creek. Year-round flows in mainstem Dry Creek maintain stream connectivity during a period when non-regulated streams in Mediterranean climates typically become disconnected, therefore increasing food availability and foraging opportunities.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Fisheries
- Creator:
- Mullin, Stephen M.
- Description:
- The Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) is a federally listed threatened species as well as a state listed “species of special concern” in California. Accurate survival estimates are required to determine the best conservation strategies for threatened and endangered species. The population located in Humboldt County, CA was studied for five breeding seasons (2001-2005) and apparent survival for adult and juvenile plovers was estimated using program MARK. In addition, the population structure over this time period was described to determine the importance of immigration. The growth rate of the population was also estimated using the Pradel model and site specific birth and death rates to quantify the importance of immigration. Apparent survival for adult males (φ = 0.64) was greater than that for adult females (φ =0.57) while apparent survival for adults was greater than that for juveniles (φ = 0.30). The estimated annual growth rate using Pradel models demonstrated a stable population (λ = 0.99); however, this included both local recruitment and immigration as sources of new individuals. When calculated algebraically, based on estimates of local recruitment and survival, the growth rate demonstrated a declining population (λ = 0.71), clearly indicating the importance of immigration to the persistence of the population. Source/sink dynamics probably occur in the spatially disjunct populations of Snowy Plovers along the Pacific coast due to differences in habitat quality. However, the Humboldt County population should not be defined as a sink population across all breeding sites. At a smaller scale, sites along gravel bars of the Eel River were closely approaching the recruitment requirements to be classified as source areas whereas beach breeding sites were sink areas. Continued management activities, especially those that were designed to increase productivity (e.g. exclosures) are recommended. Because productivity is a major problem for plovers in this area and due to the success observed in Oregon, population control of predators should be considered. Increased management, such as curtailing the access of off-road vehicles along the more productive gravel bar areas during the breeding season is also recommended.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Wildlife
- Creator:
- Klein, Randy D.
- Description:
- The excavation of road fill from stream crossings on former logging roads is a major focus of the watershed restoration program in Redwood National Park. Channel adjustments in response to winter stormflows were measured on 24 newly excavated stream crossings to identify the relative importance of on site independent variables. Two dependent variables, channel erosion and surficial channel bed armor, were regressed on sets of independent variables related to stream hydraulics and stream bank material properties in two series of regression analyses. In the channel erosion series, the final regression equation incorporated as significant predictors (in order of decreasing predictive importance) total stream power, the percent boulder and cobble content of streambank materials, and the percent stream elevation drop composed of organic debris steps. Of primary importance in explaining the variability in channel erosion was total stream power of the peak flow of the study period, which was directly related to channel erosion. The boulder and cobble content of stream bank materials, inversely related to channel erosion, was second most important among predictors. Because the best fit was obtained using the square of this quantity, it is inferred that the potential for erosion decreases as a power function of increasing coarse fragment content of eroding materials, all other factors being equal. The percent of stream elevation drop composed of organic debris steps was inversely related to channel erosion because it provided for energy dissipation and hydraulic resistance. In the channel armor regression series, the final regression equation incorporated (in order of decreasing predictive importance) total stream power and percent of the stream elevation drop composed of organic debris steps as significant predictors. Being inversely related to channel armor, the presence of organic debris steps partially offset the channel armoring demands of total stream power. To minimize channel erosion following stream crossing excavation, consideration must be given to the relative magnitudes of driving forces (stream power) and resisting forces (coarse fragment content of bank material and level of organic debris control of the stream profile). In proposed excavations where resistance to erosion is anticipated to be low and stream power is expected to be high, consideration should be given to channel protective measures such as installation of check dams, importation of rock armor, or emplacement of organic debris.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Watershed Management
- Creator:
- Williams, Stephanie McKinney
- Description:
- With the rising demands for improvement and accountability required under the No Child Left Behind Act, schools are beginning to see the value of making data-based decisions to dramatically increase student achievement on high-stakes tests. Unfortunately, the information from these end-of-the-year tests often arrives too late to afford teachers the time to analyze the resultant data and make necessary curricular adjustments, both for specific students and groups as a whole. In an effort to make annual yearly progress, many educational agencies are starting to make data-driven decisions to help struggling students make the necessary academic gains to be successful on high stakes tests. In order to assess the Common Core State Standards and ensure that students are meeting these benchmarks, some schools utilize formative assessments called Measures of Academic Progress (MAP), designed by Northwest Evaluation Association. The disaggregated assessment data provided by Measurement of Academic Progress highlight the strengths and weaknesses of every child and provide teachers with the necessary information to target instruction. The aim of this study was to reveal if and how teachers at a highly successful school used assessment data to make instructional decisions, and what impact, if any, this had on the school’s on-going high performing status.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Education
18. Reproductive isolation in five hybridizing species of western gooseberries (Ribes: Grossulariaceae)
- Creator:
- Kalt, Jennifer L.
- Description:
- Five species of western gooseberries (Ribes: Grossulariaceae) hybridize to varying degrees in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. Pollinator surveys and hand-pollination experiments were conducted to identify reproductive barriers between the species pairs. I found little evidence of isolation due to pollinator behavior, since the five species tended to attract the same pollinators. My attempts to assess the level of post-pollination isolation were hindered by high rates of fruit abortion. Nevertheless, it appears that R. roezlii and R. menziesii are fully interfertile, and that unilateral barriers operate when R. lobbii, which has the longest styles of the set, is the maternal parent in crosses with the other species. Since the level of post-pollination isolation is not correlated with the observed frequency of hybridization in the field, ecological and/or geographical differences may play the most important role in isolating the species.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Biology
- Creator:
- Hanna, Sara K.
- Description:
- This study examined the long-term, post-fire dynamics of sagebrush steppe communities at two burn areas located in Modoc County in northeastern California. Pre and post-fire vegetative cover and herbaceous productivity data were collected at two burn areas across a nearly thirty-year period. The cover and productivity data from the study area were also analyzed with respect to their relationship to the number of post-fire growing seasons and annual weather conditions. As expected, fire removed the woody, shrub component of the plant community and shifted the plant community to an herbaceous, grass-dominated community. Vegetative cover and productivity of herbaceous species increased significantly in the years following the burns. While the invasive annual grasses (primarily cheatgrass, Bromus tectorum) dominated in the plant community in the years immediately following the fires, native perennial grasses overtook the annual grasses after 10 post-fire growing seasons. A substantial amount of the variability in annual grass cover and productivity could be explained by the number of post-fire growing seasons. Annual grass cover and productivity were also significantly influenced by annual variations in weather, particularly fall and winter precipitation. Perennial grass productivity peaked 10 years following the burns, while perennial grass cover reached maximum levels 20 years post-fire. Perennial grass cover and productivity began to decline towards the end of the monitoring period, but were still greater than the pre-fire levels. Perennial grasses appeared to be minimally influenced by annual variations in temperature and precipitation. Both annual and perennial forbs generally increased following the fire, but varied both spatially and temporally. Annual fluctuations in temperature and precipitation explained more of the variation in annual forb cover and productivity than post-fire time. Shrub recovery was slow following the prescribed burns, with minimal shrub cover noted until 10 to 20 growing seasons. Following nearly 30 post-fire growing seasons, sagebrush cover returned to pre-fire levels and was comparable to cover levels to unburned areas. Shrub recovery rates were relatively stable across the study area, and were not influenced by annual variations in temperature or precipitation. By 2009, there was evidence of western juniper returning to both of the burn areas. This indicates that a 30-to-40 year fire return interval might be recommended to reduce western juniper encroachment and to maintain a productive and diverse ecosystem. Even with the relatively small spatial scale of study area, there were significant differences in the post-fire vegetation between the sampling sites. The research confirms that sagebrush steppe plant communities are highly heterogeneous and can vary in their post-fire succession.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Rangeland Resources
- Creator:
- Anguiano, Anna M.
- Description:
- With the growing Latino population in the rural Humboldt County, there is a pressing need for more bilingual services. The purpose of my community project is to find out which service providers in Humboldt County provide bilingual services to monolingual Spanish-speaking clients, and what some of the challenges are for service providers when working with the Latino population in regard to domestic violence issues. My project consisted of distributing questionnaires to service providers to find out about which services are available in the community, the barriers faced by service providers, and what service providers feel they need so they can better met the needs of the Latino Community. The results showed that the major barriers faced by service providers were lack of resources, language, immigration status, and cultural norms. What many of the participants believe is needed within the community is more bilingual services, relevant trainings and education, and culturally appropriate services.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Social Work
- Creator:
- Riedel, Nicholas
- Description:
- This project presents multiple retrofit solutions to reduce energy consumption in the buildings of the Universidad Don Bosco (UDB) campus in Soyapango, El Salvador. Energy efficiency investments are a financially viable way to decrease energy use, reduce greenhouse gases, and earn positive monetary returns. This project identifies the critical energy losses in three energy intensive UDB campus buildings by means of energy audit practices and detailed analyses. Specific energy saving retrofits were developed using the building simulation software eQuest. Multiple retrofit options are presented to provide university administrators with flexibility in selecting the most appropriate solutions based on their budgetary constraints and energy efficiency goals. From nineteen UDB campus buildings, the three buildings selected for in depth study were the Mechanical Workshop, the Cisco Building, and the Studio Building (known as El Taller Mecánico, Edificio Cinco, and Edificio Dos at UDB). The majority of energy wasted in these buildings is due to four causes: (1) excessive heat gain from the corrugated metal roofs, (2) air infiltration into conditioned spaces, (3) inefficient cooling equipment, and (4) unnecessary lighting. Specifically, the three most favorable retrofits investigated were: (1) reducing infiltration rates in the Studio Building, (2) implementation of a cool roof for the Mechanical Workshop, and (3) upgrading to SEER 13 cooling equipment in the Mechanical Workshop. These retrofits are expected to save 4.0 MWh/year (1), 5.5 MWh/year (2), and 28.9 MWh/year (3) respectively and the discounted payback periods are forecasted at 7.1 years (1), 7.7 years (2), and 7.0 years (3), respectively.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Environmental Resources Engineering
22. Assessing the impact of sudden oak death on crown fire potential in Tanoak forests of California
- Creator:
- Kuljian, Howard Gregory
- Description:
- The introduction of non-native pathogens can have profound effects on forest ecosystems resulting in tree mortality, changes in species composition, and altered fuel structure. The 1990’s introduction of Phytophthora ramorum, the pathogen recognized as causing the tree and plant disease known as sudden oak death, has caused rapid decline and mortality of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) in forests of coastal California, USA. To understand the potential effect that mortality could have on fuel structure and fire behavior, foliar moisture content of uninfected tanoaks, sudden oak death-infected tanoaks, sudden oak death-killed (dead) tanoaks, and surface litter was tracked for 12 months. Foliar moisture content of uninfected tanoaks averaged 82.3% for the year whereas foliar moisture content of infected tanoaks had a lower average of 77.8%. Dead tanoaks had significantly lower foliar moisture content than uninfected and infected trees, averaging 12.3% for the year. During fire season (June through September), dead tanoak foliar moisture content reached a low of 5.8%, with no significant difference between dead canopy fuels and surface litter. Remote automated weather station (RAWS) 10-hour timelag fuel moisture data corresponded to foliar moisture content of dead leaves, holding promise as a predictor of seasonal crown fire hazard. Decision support tools, based on Van Wagner’s (1977) crown ignition equation, can predict canopy base height values to escape crown ignition, however the Van Wagner equation was developed for conifers, not broadleaf trees (such as tanoak). No empirical data exist to corroborate ignition thresholds for extremely low foliar moistures found in dead foliage. To quantify crown base height ignition thresholds, a laboratory experiment was employed to measure foliar ignition and consumption at crown base heights from 0.5 m to 1.5 m across the range of foliar moistures found in healthy, sudden oak death-infected, and sudden oak death-killed tanoaks. Results from laboratory burning showed all foliage was consumed at the lowest simulated crown base heights in the laboratory, however consumption of live foliage dropped off quickly with increasing crown base height, with minimal consumption occurring at 1 m and above. Consumption of dead foliage declined with increasing simulated crown base heights, with some consumption still occurring at the highest crown base height tested (1.5 m). Using logistic regression, variables of crown base height, temperature, and duration of temperatures above 320 ºC or 410 ºC were used to predict crown ignition probabilities for all foliar moisture treatments tested (80%, 70%, 9%, and 5% foliar moisture content). Crown base height performed well as a predictor of crown ignition with correct predictions 87% to 91% of the time. Minimizing the probability of live tanoak foliage ignition results in a crown base ignition threshold lower than the Van Wagner model, while the dead tanoak foliage ignition threshold is considerably lower than an extrapolated Van Wagner equation. This suggests that tanoak will resist crown ignition at a lower threshold than conifers across the crown base heights tested. Results from this study will help refine the decision support tools for fire managers in sudden oak death-affected areas as well as serve as a model for other forests where diseases and insect epidemics have altered forest crown fuels.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Forestry
- Creator:
- Sperry, David M.
- Description:
- I examined the effect of forest buffer width and nest site characteristics on the nest survival of forest birds on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. During 2002 and 2003, a total of 164 nests of three closed cup (Chestnut-backed Chickadee (Parus rufescens), Red-breasted Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus ruber) and Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)) and four open cup (Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis), Hermit Thrush (Cartharus guttatus), Swainson’s Thrush (Cartharus ustulatus) and Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius)) species were monitored within forested buffers along the coastline. I modeled daily survival rate (DSR) of closed (DSR = 0.989) and open (DSR = 0.982) cup nesting species independently using variables at two spatial scales. For closed cup nests the model best describing variation in DSR included height of nest and species. Nests located higher from the ground had better nest success. Variation in DSR of open cup nests was best explained by species. Pacific-slope Flycatcher nests had the highest success (87%) whereas Varied Thrush nests had the lowest (21%). DSR of Hermit Thrush nests, the only species for which I had adequate data to analyze separately, was related to distance to the coastline. Species with low DSR had similar nest site characteristics including diameter of nesting substrate and average percentage concealment of nest. However, these nest site characteristics alone do not determine DSR of the species evaluated in my study. Width of coastal forested buffers appears to have a negligible effect on DSR, however, some species exhibited low DSR within the buffers and further examination of these species is recommended.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Wildlife
- Creator:
- Purvis, Tyler Chase
- Description:
- In recent decades, zebrafish have become a popular organism in neuroscience research. This is primarily because of the homogenous nature of what are known as reticulospinal neurons. These neurons, located in the hindbrain, control locomotive (e.g., swimming) and escape behaviors via descending axonal connections to lateral musculature. Dominating the reticulospinal neuron group are the Mauthner neurons. This pair of morphologically distinctive neurons is referred to as “command neurons” in the reticulospinal group. Recent studies involving antibody labeling reveal a distinctive clustering of serotonin (5-HT) associated proteins in the Mauthner dendritic regions. This would imply that 5-HT plays a direct role in the modulation of Mauthner neuron activity. In this study, we attempt to experimentally demonstrate a functional relationship between 5-HT and the Mauthner neuron through the administration of the SSRI fluoxetine and Ca²+ imaging techniques. Results indicate no significant change Ca²+ and latency of response. Interestingly, these data indicate a difference in responsiveness (i.e., firing or no firing) with the fluoxetine group showing an 8% increase. These data shed light upon the Mauthner neuron and 5-HT, as well as the possible considerations of future research
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Buell, Ann Catherine
- Description:
- European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link) is fully naturalized in central and northern California and has supplanted native populations of dune vegetation in many areas. Managers at The Nature Conservancy's Lanphere Christensen Dunes Preserve in northern California are concerned by its rapid expansion on the North Spit of Humboldt Bay where the preserve is located. Air photos of the North Spit were interpreted for the presence of Ammophila arenaria at three points in time: 1939/42, 1962, and 1989. Maps were compiled using a geographic information system with the goals of quantifying the spread of Ammophila on the North Spit and detecting invasion patterns. Historic research was conducted to document introduction dates and locations and to improve interpretation of the historic photographs. Interpretation of the three photo series revealed invasion and expansion of Ammophila in both foredunes and inland dunes. The most dramatic increase in cover was found in the foredunes, while documented and presumed plantings were found on inland dunes only. During the 1939-1989 period, excluding areas of purposeful eradication, Ammophila cover on the North Spit increased by 574%.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Natural Resources
- Creator:
- Shurtz, Gary John
- Description:
- The current structure of the global political economy is based on a worldwide world-system which has and will continue to transform as history is written. Within this global economic system, understood as a world-system, capital accumulation is the dominant discourse and driving force of a system which simultaneously creates the rules while being regulated by them. Several integral and continual characteristics interact to create and reproduce this world-system, these characteristics include: a hierarchical global division of labor based on global zones, an inter-state system, anti-systemic movements, as well as cycles and rhythms of expansion and contraction. Commodities produced and consumed throughout the globe are products of a collection of processes which take place within this world-system, and are therefore impacted by the characteristics of the system. By examining some of these production processes within the global timber industry, the structural inequality of the global system as a whole becomes apparent. This research addresses the inequality structurally inherent in the world-system through analysis of various regions of the globe as well as the range of processes which often take place in the production of a single timber/wood product. Based on location within a global hierarchy, specific regions or zones of the world are beneficiaries of structural inequality whereas others bear the burden of continual consumption driven by the quest for endless accumulation. Rather than blaming the core regions of the world, the research hopes to draw attention to the system as a whole and raise consciousness of the environmental and social impacts that such a system generates
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Sociology
- Creator:
- Dutra, Dustin.
- Description:
- For my MA project, I have selected to analyze the impact that the Watergate incident had on the Richard Nixon presidency as well as its impact on today’s political climate. The four areas that I have chosen to examine include Presidential/Media relations, the history and use of Executive Privilege, campaign finance reform, and how the tactics used by Nixon to impede the Watergate investigation contrasted with the tactics used by Bill Clinton during the investigation of his misdeeds. Although the Watergate incident occurred over thirty years ago, its impact is still felt in today’s political circles. In addition to a historical literature, which examines the middle of Nixon’s first term in office and ends with his resignation from the office of the President, I will also develop lesson plans for high school age students so that they can fully understand the significance of the Watergate incident. These lesson plans will utilize various resources that include readings, film, political cartoons, and the analysis of primary source documents. My objective in showing how the impact of an event that occurred thirty years ago still has significance today will be at the forefront of all lessons that will be developed. Research will be the primary route used to gain the information necessary to develop the narrative and the lesson plans. This research will be done on the internet and in the library. Books like The Wars of Watergate by Stanley Cutler and All the President’s Men by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein are important to this project because of their effectiveness in presenting important details in the Watergate incident. Mark J. Rozell and Raoul Berger both do an excellent job of detailing the history of the use of executive privilege in their respective books, Executive Privilege: The Dilemma of Secrecy and Democratic Accountability and Executive Privilege: A Constitutional Myth. In conclusion, by completing this project I will be able to successfully display how an event that occurred over thirty years ago still has relevance today; not only in the political arena, but also in the way the average citizen views the government and its institution.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Teaching American History and Social Science
- Creator:
- Waldo, Stephanie L.
- Description:
- Studies of song communication in passerine birds have supported the "dear enemy" hypothesis which states that neighboring territory owners should develop stable relationships over time to reduce energetically costly behavioral interactions. Songs and calls may provide details regarding kinship, territory boundaries, neighbor recognition, and even individual recognition. I tested the "dear enemy" hypothesis toexamine the response of male Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) to call playbacks of their neighbors and strangers as well as to calls of their neighbors in a novel location (opposite territory boundary). A bird that can discriminate between neighbor's songs and associate each with a particular location (hence the opposite boundary test) may demonstrate individual recognition. I conducted a field experiment to examine song discrimination by playing three different treatments to my subjects. Two call playback treatments (neighbor and stranger) and a control were played at the boundary that borders the territory of each tested individual and its neighbor, with a third treatment on the opposite boundary (opposite neighbor). I tested three response variables 1) latency to first response, 2) number of calls given within the test period, and 3) average time between calls. I used a crossover experimental design where I blocked for possible sources of variation such as season and time of day. Of the three response variables, latency showed a significant treatment effect with owls responding sooner to strangers than to neighbors. This supported the "dear enemy" hypothesis. The opposite neighbor treatment produced unpredicted results from tested individuals in that their first response took the greatest amount of time. However, once they responded it was with the most intensity. The delayed reaction results may suggest a confusion effect or delayed recognition. Time of year and order of treatments also influenced the responses. Such sources of variation can play a large role in the outcomes of avian playback experiments and should be considered in future experimental designs for any playback studies.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Wildlife Management
- Creator:
- McCall, Katherine Klitgaard
- Description:
- With last century’s observed linear warming trend of minimum daily air temperatures in the Lake Tahoe Basin extrapolated to the year 2060, the conversion from snowfall to rain and the associated increase in kinetic energy impact around Fallen Leaf Lake was estimated. Kinetic energy from falling raindrops imparts a force that dislodges particulates and initiates erosion and fine-sediment transport to streams and lakes. Regional management identified fine sediment as a key pollutant causing the decline in Lake Tahoe’s clarity, with most transparency lost by light reflected from those particles less than 8 μm in diameter. Decadal-scale monthly mean minimum air temperatures were calculated from weather data observed at the Natural Resources Conservation Service Snowpack Telemetry (NRCS SNOTEL) weather station, Site 473, located at Fallen Leaf Lake, for water-years 2000-2010. Elevation-adjusted percentage estimates, from ClimateWNA-modeled air temperature and precipitation data, were used to determine monthly precipitation presently falling as snow. Recorded dates of zero snowpack depths determined the median dates when exposed soil would be anticipated. The previously-developed mathematical correlation between hourly precipitation and kinetic energy impact was a power equation, when intensities were at least 10 mm/hr and less than 20 mm/hr, and a linear equation, when intensities equaled or exceeded 20 mm/hr. The linear ratio of hourly rainfall intensity to kinetic energy impact is 10:12. Due to intangible numerics for future hourly-intensity patterns and the extent of snowpack recession and the relationship of intensity to the projected increase in the amount of annual rainfall, kinetic-energy impact projection is an indirect metric of change. Another indirect metric is the relationship between increases in kinetic-energy impact and a net increase in fine-sediment transport into Lake Tahoe. Increased intensity is synonymous with an increase in raindrop diameters found within the event drop-size distribution. Increased drop-sizes correlate to an increase is soil erosion losses, as measured in the concentration of soil measured in runoff, by as much as 1200 percent. In inter-rill erosion, the direct impact of raindrops on soil, or a thin layer of water over the soil, initiates soil detachment. The kinetic energy of falling raindrops at terminal velocity is from one to two orders of magnitude greater than that of flowing water. Within these constraints and at monthly levels of resolution, the projected increase in kinetic energy impact around Fallen Leaf Lake was 9 percent, using median snowpack dates, and 24 percent, if later autumn snowpack accumulation and earlier spring snowmelt dates are considered, by five days at the ends of November and March. Regional land and water resource managers will find this possibility one to address, perhaps choosing to restore developed lower-elevation meadows and stream wetlands. Possible compensatory measures include trapping sediment from the Upper Truckee River, deepening the 11 miles of canals in the Tahoe Keys to create an environment too cold for algae, and eliminating non-native fertilized plants in landscaping. Eminent domain of pollution sites and sensitive lots has precedence. Reverting ownership of the Tahoe Keys back to the U.S. Forest Service and restoring Pope Marsh could be the cost-effective and environmentally-efficacious improvement program for restoring Lake Tahoe’s pristine clarity.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Forestry
- Creator:
- Schreiber, Nikki M.
- Description:
- Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) encompasses the skills, attitudes, and values that enable children to navigate through the intrapersonal and interpersonal realms of their lives. Research has shown that developing appropriate SEL skills is essential for children to be successful academically. This study examines the teaching practices of K-3rd grade teachers to promote the positive development of SEL of students. Twenty-four teachers completed a survey that identified the extent to which they understood the concepts of SEL as it is defined in the literature, as well as the degree to which they report engaging in recognized practices that foster SEL skills in their classrooms. Results suggest that while K-3rd grade teachers endorse the importance of SEL for school success, they scored relatively low on a measure of concept knowledge. Findings suggest that the teachers who received pre-service training on SEL were significantly more likely to report using strategies in their classrooms consistent with SEL best practices than others with or without in-service trainings. Results from this study have potential implications for Pre-service teacher-training programs regarding the importance of providing effective and systematic SEL instruction for teacher-candidates.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Education
- Creator:
- Shernock, Vanessa E.
- Description:
- PURPOSE: To thoroughly document the connections between the society and culture of the American west and baseball between the years 1900 and 1935. METHODS: This research is an ethnographic narrative inquiry that utilized qualitative content analysis of primary sources augmented by secondary sources. SOURCES: Primary sources were gathered from the Library of Congress (LOC) online historical newspaper collection, San Francisco Chronicle microforms, online digital collections like the California Archives and Time Magazine archives, online digital archives of the Covina Public Library and the Casa Grande Public Library, Google Newspaper Archives, the Las Vegas Age, Historic Oregon Newspapers, the Wyoming Newspaper Project, the Colorado Historic Newspaper Collection, and the Utah Digital Newspaper collection. In addition to primary sources, the author embedded secondary sources that fortified her arguments. RESULTS: This thesis has been broken down into four main topics. The first topic discussed the 19th century extractive industries that created rapid westward expansion and lead to the spread of baseball across the American west. The second topic explored the investments in western baseball as well as the transportation industries, such as railroads and automobiles, that affected the American west baseball industry. The third topic, progressivism, discussed how progressivism attempted to reform western baseball with respect to alcohol, Sunday baseball, and gambling. The fourth and final topic of this thesis explored western baseball's relationship to Americanism and the Great Depression. CONCLUSION: The primary source evidence supports this authors argument that throughout the first 35 years of the 20th century, the west's baseball experience was transformed. The regional differences in 1900 that had set American west baseball apart from the baseball in the American east had faded throughout time, and by 1935, American west baseball had been molded, reformed, and popularized to achieve integration into the homogenized American pastime. The American west society in 1900 had still been attached to the ideals of the rowdy western frontier. However, as years passed, American west society, viewed through the perspective of baseball, shed its frontier mentality to become integrated and assimilated into the rest of mainstream American society. As a result, the American pastime thrived in the west.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Snyder, Kelsey A.
- Description:
- The collection of work products demonstrates my skills acquired through formal training and professional experience over the course of my school psychology internship across the 10 domains of school psychology practice put forth by the National Association of School Psychologists. This portfolio documents my comprehensive service delivery to students with ranging needs and disabilities who are predominately from economically disadvantaged households within a public school district in the state of Oregon. This body of work illustrates my efforts in collaborating with school staff and parents to meet students’ academic, behavioral, and social-emotional needs within a multitiered systems framework. Applied practices explored include a Functional Behavior Assessment and Behavior Support Plan, a Functional Behavior Assessment and Psychoeducational Evaluation for an Emotional Disability, a Multidisciplinary Psychoeducational Report, and a Social Skills Intervention Report. Although these products document competency across all 10 domains of school psychology practice, themes of collaboration and data based decision making are presented as the foundation for all applied practices as a competent school psychologist.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Coleman, Kayla
- Description:
- Having a child on the Autism spectrum can present a variety of challenges for parents. Many children diagnosed on the Autism spectrum experience communication and social struggles; as well as sensory related difficulties. Some children’s inappropriate behaviors are related to specific events, such as mealtime which can be particularly challenging. This study examines the difficulties parents experience during mealtime with their children on the Autism Spectrum and the emotional affect mealtime behaviors have on the parent. In addition, the purpose of this study was to determine whether parents desire additional information that would assist them during mealtimes. Twenty-four participants participated in completing a survey which included various questions surrounding mealtime behaviors and routines, as well as questions pertaining to the emotional effect on the parents. Results revealed verbal protest as the most prominent behavior displayed during mealtime. Additionally, results revealed that although parents experience a high level of stress and frustration during mealtime they do not wish to receive supportive information.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Education
- Creator:
- Rigney, Rex Jackson
- Description:
- Only 28% of California students score proficient or higher on their Algebra I STAR test (CDE, 2009). The standards-based movement and the emphasis on enabling all students to score proficient or advanced on the California STAR test have created a high-stakes environment for teachers. Many students enter eighth grade not knowing their multiplication facts and fractions. Statistics also show that many eighth-grade students in California score poorly on the Algebra I STAR test. Though there has been minimal research on the connection between these two phenomena, a strong correlation between not knowing “math basics” and scoring poorly on the Algebra I STAR test would seem plausible. Accordingly, the central research question for this study was: What is the impact of practicing multiplication facts and fractions problems twice a week on a selected group of eighth-grade students’ Algebra I STAR test scores? The author (an eighth-grade math teacher) and another teacher divided the participating students into an experimental group and a control group. The study began on Monday, November 15, 2010, and ended on Friday, February 18, 2011. The control group simply took a pretest at the beginning of the study and then a posttest 11 academic weeks (weeks that each school was in session) later. The experimental group took the same pretest and posttest, but also practiced multiplication facts and fraction problems during the intervening 11-week period. The experimental group took timed multiplication fact and fraction problem quizzes twice per week, each of them lasting 2.5 minutes. These quizzes counted toward the students’ overall math grade as well. There are many ways to improve students’ Algebra I STAR test scores. Practicing multiplication facts and fractions is an already-known, specific strategy to help students better understand math basics. Researchers agree that practicing multiplication facts and fractions is good math pedagogy, but it has not been isolated as a particular practice to help students score higher on problems similar to those on the eighth-grade Algebra I STAR test. Analysis of the results suggests that practicing multiplication facts and fractions problems twice per week helps students score better on problems similar to those on the eighth-grade Algebra I STAR test, although longer-term effects have yet to be studied. I do not know if this practice is effective as a year-round remediation activity.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Education
- Creator:
- DeSiervo, Melissa H.
- Description:
- Disturbances such as wildfire play a major role in the diversity, structure, and composition of plant communities, however, little is known about the differential impacts of fire across landscapes that vary in characteristics such as soil nutrients and site productivity. Theory predicts that productivity can mediate the impacts of fire for reasons related to broad ecological processes and differential selective forces. For instance, ecosystems with lower site productivity are less limited by space and light and consequently experience less pronounced changes in these resources following a disturbance. Moreover, resource availability related to disturbance and productivity can affect the proportion of plants with competitive versus stress-tolerant life history strategies. In this study, we utilized a model system for testing predictions about productivity and disturbance that included a mixed conifer forest across a gradient of edaphically harsh, ultramafic “serpentine” soils and “non-serpentine” soils in the northern Sierra Nevada (California, USA). We predicted that the magnitude of fire effects on plant diversity from a 2008 wildfire would be positively related to productivity (higher on non-serpentine soils) and that these factors would interact as environmental filters driving post-fire species assemblage. In summer 2013 we established 90 vegetation plots in burned areas and 40 plots outside the fire perimeter as a proxy for pre-fire conditions. We found a unimodal relationship between species diversity and fire severity (peaking at low/moderate severity), and mild evidence post-fire changes were more pronounced on non-serpentine soils. In contrast, we found strong evidence that productivity and fire severity interact as drivers of species composition and functional traits with a higher proportion of resprouting shrubs on non-serpentine soils and, contrary to our prediction, more invaders on serpentine soils. We hypothesize that differences in biomass between serpentine and non-serpentine forests were not substantial enough to elicit a differential diversity response, possibly deriving from a weaker serpentine syndrome in this region that has been previously noted. Our study reveals that differences in productivity can mediate the outcome of disturbances in ways that cannot be detected through standard community diversity metrics, and that consideration of life history trait variation is necessary.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Biology
- Creator:
- Brain, Flora H.
- Description:
- Wild Pacific salmon populations are declining throughout California. To strengthen applied salmonid restoration ecology, increased watershed-based understandings of socio-cultural issues thwarting recovery efforts are needed. This study explored perceptions of viabilities of threatened Mattole River salmonids and feelings concerning current human-fish interactions among local residents and fishermen. This qualitative research employed a social constructivist framework and phenomenological orientation. Narrative empirical evidence from lived experience is presented in conjunction with semi-structured interview data from watershed residents, salmon restorationists, poachers, and catch and release fishermen. While many perceive that Mattole coho salmon are facing extinction and consider Chinook salmon’s future nearly as tenuous, a minority of residents believe that Mattole River salmon are abundant. The latter approve and defend salmon poaching, whereas the majority strongly condemns it. Feelings are modulated by perceived threats to the fish runs, and by local identity. Poaching is justified through use of certain neutralization techniques, primarily condemnation of the local nonprofit salmon organization, and claims of local entitlement. The ways people view restoration efforts, poaching, and catch and release fishing in the Mattole River are affected by socio-cultural influences, which constitute barriers to collaborative restoration. Joint fact-finding and listening are among recommendations for trust-building techniques designed to increase recognition of the shared desire for abundant salmon and foster civic response to poaching. The major aim of this research is to inspire improved collaborative and interdisciplinary efforts to address the more significant challenges to salmon recovery, in the Mattole River and beyond.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Environment and Community
- Creator:
- Wagner, Marlene A.
- Description:
- Conservation of a keystone species requires knowledge of habitat use across the species’ range. The factors that influence habitat selection by Red-breasted Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus ruber) in the temperate rainforests of southeast Alaska are poorly understood. I examined habitat selection of this keystone species during the breeding season in 2008 and 2009. I quantified the structural characteristics of sapwell trees and compared them to trees without sapwells, and I located nests to describe nest trees and compare characteristics of used and available nest trees and nest sites using model selection techniques. Sapsuckers selected trees for building sapwells that were intermediate in size, had high bark furrow depth, and had a greater incidence of conks and dwarf mistletoe. Nesting Sapsuckers did not show bias for cavity orientation and nest trees were predicted primarily by size and the presence of fungal infection at intermediate stages of decay. Nest sites contained a lower volume of trees, higher DBH, increased incidence of fungal infection, and older decay classes of coarse woody debris than available sites. These findings suggest that during the breeding season, Red-breasted Sapsuckers select habitats with attributes characteristic of the full range of old-growth forest succession, and they therefore may need substantial forest structural diversity for their feeding and nesting activities. The results from this study provide information that can be used to identify habitat for breeding and foraging Red-breasted Sapsuckers. Due to their status as a keystone species, maintaining adequate breeding habitat in southeast Alaska is important not only to the local population of Red-breasted Sapsuckers, but for other species as well.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Wildlife
- Creator:
- Bigelow, Paul E.
- Description:
- Streambed scour and fill affecting incubation survival of salmon embryos were investigated in a Northern California coastal stream (Freshwater Creek) for coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) species. Objectives of the study were to: (1) test a reach-scale scour and fill model (Haschenburger 1999) based on Shields stress (dimensionless shear stress), and (2) test two published hypotheses of salmon spawning adaptation to streambed scour. Testing of the model clarified some limitations, revealed potential improvements, and demonstrated sufficient potential for predicting scour at salmon spawning areas (redds) based on a small sample size (n = 9 redds) to warrant additional testing. The model appears best suited for individual floods on reaches that are straight, in equilibrium between sediment supply and transport, and have roughness elements similar to the creeks where the model was developed. Differences in model predictions and measured values were likely due to variable scour and fill patterns in Freshwater Creek that were weakly influenced by Shields stress and highly influenced by sediment supply, location within the channel network, and channel morphology (form roughness).
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Geology
- Creator:
- Anderson, David G.
- Description:
- During the summer-fall periods of August 4 to October 12, 1980 and August 13 to 21, 1981, the streams of the Redwood Creek basin, Humboldt County, California were surveyed to describe and characterize the salmonid rearing habitat and distribution of juvenile salmonids. Twelve streams throughout the basin, 10 east-west paired tributaries and Prairie and Redwood Creeks, were intensively sampled August 24 to October 5, 1981, to measure biotic and physical parameters. The basin was divided into east and west sides, the Prairie Creek basin, and the lower, middle, and upper basins for the purposes of comparison. Salmonid fish occurred in 58 (52 percent) of the 111 tributaries sampled for fish. Juvenile steelhead were most common and widely distributed. Cutthroat trout and coho salmon primarily occurred in the Prairie Creek system. Most fish occurred in streams with flows greater than 3 1/s (0.1 cfs). The westside tributary 0+ steelhead mean lengths (mm) and weights (g) were significantly larger than those of the eastside tributaries. There were no east-west or north-south trends in fish population estimates, fish per m2, or salmonid grams per m2. The eastside streams, which generally had lower flows, had larger numbers of fish per unit flow. Measured water parameters were flow (1/s), alkalinity (mg CaCO3/1), pH, specific conductivity (mmhos @ 25 °C), dissolved oxygen (ppm), and temperature (°C). All eastside mainstem basin sections had lower mean flows than their adjacent westside sections. The Prairie Creek basin had the highest mean flow, the upper eastside basin the least. Mean alkalinity and pH of nine study sites sampled were 35 mg CaCO3/1 and 6.9, respectively. Specific conductivity values were higher in the upper basin and eastside basin sections. There was a south to north trend of decreasing values on both sides of the basin. Mean basin tributary specific conductivity was 133 mmhos (S.D. = 84). Tributary dissolved oxygen values were generally in the 9-10 ppm range, and between 7-9 ppm in the mainstem of Redwood Creek. Maximum measured water temperatures ranged from 10.5 °C to 23.0 °C for the tributaries and 14.0 °C to 26.0 °C for Redwood Creek. The surface water temperatures of mainstem Redwood Creek were generally hotter in the middle basin, and cooler in the headwaters and lower basin. Twenty-four hour drift samples revealed the westside tributaries to generally have larger numbers of individual drift organisms, drift density (number of individuals/100 m3), richness, number of taxa, and terrestrial invertebrate contribution to drift than the eastside tributaries. The eastside tributaries had significantly greater diversity (H') and evenness values than the westside tributaries. The major insect orders contributing the greatest number of organisms to drift samples were Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Coleoptera. Drift organism composition showed decreasing ephemeropterans and increasing dipterans from north to south. Similarity indices of drift samples amongst the 12 streams ranged from 0.81 to 0.41. Comparisons of mean similarity indices between streams were usually nonsignificant, with the exception of the Redwood Creek site. Redwood Creek had the lowest mean similarity index, 0.52. The study showed the character of each stream as a single entity, determined baseline rearing habitat conditions, and can serve as the basis for future evaluation of the rearing habitat and watershed rehabilitation efforts.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Fisheries
- Creator:
- Alcazar, Esperanza L.
- Description:
- The Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) organization has indicated that one of its largest problems is CASA retention. Participants were CASAs who self-assigned to two groups: Continue (n = 188) and Quit (n = 208). It was hypothesized that greater secondary stress and less social support would increase the likelihood of quitting CASA and higher burnout scores and the propensity to practice passive coping strategies, as opposed to active coping strategies, would increase the likelihood of quitting CASA. Greater levels of two components of secondary stress, avoidance and arousal, were significantly predictive of quitting. Social support alone was not predictive of quitting. However, interactions were found which showed that those with low arousal and high avoidance were more likely to quit if social support was low. Higher burnout significantly predicted higher likelihood of quitting; however, coping did not add significant prediction. A post hoc analysis examined passive coping and social support. Greater passive coping significantly increased the likelihood of quitting. Social support variables alone were not significant predictors of quitting; however, an interaction was found between passive coping and coworker social support, as well as passive coping and top management social support. Those with high passive coping scores were more likely to quit if coworker social support was low and if top management social support was high. CASA should implement changes to training that will help CASAs gain professional efficacy and lower cynicism. CASA should also make attempts to increase social support among CASAs, and between CASAs and their supervisors.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Arnold, Julia de Vos
- Description:
- The organic food industry is in a period of rapid growth and product diversification (Organic Trade Association, 2006). Because of this expansion, the market for organic food should be studied in detail. Differences in labeling strategies for organic foods may influence a consumer’s decision to purchase a specific product. Longstanding theories within consumer behavior such as prospect theory and perceived risk can help in understanding consumer reaction to label framing effects. Research by Gifford and Bernard (2006) indicates that positive framing is more effective than negative framing in affecting consumers’ intent to purchase more organic products. The research reported here examined how the framing of information contained specifically on labels influenced consumer purchase decisions. Different fictional brands and their corresponding labels were evaluated through an online survey looking at consumer willingness to buy. It was hypothesized that labels using positive framing would be more desirable (examining purchase intention) than labels using negatively framed information. The findings indicated that there was no difference between positively and negatively framed information on willingness to buy across all three product labels. There was, however, an interaction between survey group and framing condition which indicated a framing effect for milk product labels. Participants showed preference for the negatively-framed milk labels, this finding is in contrast to previous research supporting positive framing as a more effective tool for influencing consumer behavior. Both framing conditions across all three products differed from a control condition suggesting that consumers respond favorably to more information on the label regardless of how it is framed. The current research also expanded on Gifford and Bernard’s (2006) findings on framing and organic foods. The conclusions provided some insight on consumer attitudes and behavior toward organic and conventional foods. The unexpected discovery of milk framing effects strongly suggests that future research should be conducted on the potential framing influences with different categories of food (basic vs. luxury). Future research should also focus on strengthening framing manipulation strategies and possibly explore the relationship between amount of product knowledge and willingness to buy.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Mills, Katie Marie
- Description:
- Social movements emerge to create change, yet even within movements there exists tension surrounding any single vision of social change. Movement participants often choose between two fundamentally different approaches: fighting for change by reforming existing institutions or transforming institutions and society to affect change. While not always explicitly stated, this question of reforming versus transforming frames the vision, goals, objectives and tactics of social movements worldwide. This choice of approach is particularly salient in the gender and sexuality movements. The differences between reformative and transformative framing of these movements are clear, as victories range from achieving same-sex marriage rights through successful litigation to culturally challenging binary conceptualizations of gender and sexuality. Throughout history technology has affected social movement tactics. The Internet has enabled activists to participate in social movements in unprecedented ways. This study explores the relationship between a gender and sexuality movement organization’s master frames and the types of online activism they deploy. In this study I examined gender and sexuality movement websites. Using content analysis, I coded sites on their use of transformative or reformative master frames, particularly exploring community identification, injustice framing, scope of issues addressed, and organizational type. I then further analyzed sites identifying e-mobilizations (brochureware and online facilitation of offline actions) and e-tactics, or online protest actions. I found that both transformative and reformative movements use e-mobilizations very frequently, while reformative movements were more likely to use online protest actions such as petitions, boycotts, and email or letter writing campaigns.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Sociology
- Creator:
- Bisel, Brooke R.
- Description:
- This body of work demonstrates competency in skills and services in the ten domains of best practice put forth by the National Association of School Psychologists and is made up of representative professional products from the applied practice of school psychology. These portfolio products include documentation of and reflection upon data-based decision-making and thoughtful provision of individualized services for a population of elementary school students in two culturally distinctive communities. While this portfolio documents evidence of competency across all ten domains of practice, themes of diversity, mental health and collaboration will be presented throughout, as areas of particular personal interest in the applied professional practice of school psychology. Applied practices explored include psychoeducational assessment, planning and provision of positive behavior intervention and supports, mental health counseling services for students who would benefit from help developing social and emotional skills, and collaborative contribution to the field of school psychology in the form of shared research and advocacy efforts with the professional community. Conclusions from my training experience value the importance of practice of school psychology that comprehensively cover all areas of practice, beyond a typical “test and place” model; the diversification of academic and social-emotional services into multiple tiers to ensure meeting all students’ needs; and a positive behavioral approach to discipline and support, especially with populations impacted by historical and ongoing trauma, such as Native American youth.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Pritchard, Chad James
- Description:
- Paleoseismic investigation to identify late Holocene upper crustal movement beneath Arcata Bay has confirmed four buried marsh soils that represent three, possibly four, great southern Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes. Estimated ages of earthquakes are: 250, 1350 to 1190, and 1590 to 1390 cal yr BP, with a possible earthquake at 1290 to 1100 cal yr BP. Coseismically buried soils were identified using lithostratigraphy, estimated diatom biostratigraphy, and radiocarbon age determinations. To test for late Holocene movement of the onshore section of the Freshwater syncline, buried low salt marsh soil horizons were correlated around Arcata Bay. The only continuous buried soil horizon in Arcata Bay is the youngest, which probably subsided coseismically in A.D. 1700 during a regional megathrust event along the Cascadia subduction zone. The youngest buried soil is not warped by the Freshwater syncline and marsh accretion rates are similar at multiple sites, indicating similar depositional histories at the margin of Arcata Bay. Evidence suggests that the Freshwater syncline has not deformed during, or since, the most recent Cascadia subduction zone earthquake.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Geology
- Creator:
- Belarde, Tyler Abraham
- Description:
- The recovery of the endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) has been threatened by compounding effects of habitat alteration including water depletion, chemical contamination of water, hydroelectric operations, and the introduction of non-native species. I used an individual-based model to examine the response of juvenile (age-0) pikeminnow to the interacting effects of dam-induced within-day flow fluctuations and the non-native red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis). The model incorporates a spatially explicit nursery habitat, a temperature model, an invertebrate production model, and a model of fish competition, predation, and bioenergetics. I varied within-day flow fluctuation magnitude (0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% around mean baseflow) and red shiner density (0-5 fish/m^2) to evaluate combined stress on pikeminnow survival, defined as the proportion of initial fish surviving and growing to 30 mm or above at the end of a simulation. Simulations showed complex, non-linear results from the combined effects of flow fluctuations and red shiner density. Throughout all model experiments, red shiner density had noticeable impacts on pikeminnow survival. In the absence of red shiners, the magnitude of flow fluctuation had little impact on pikeminnow survival. As red shiner density was increased, however, additional stress from flow fluctuations became highly noticeable. There were physical characteristics of the nursery habitat that often mitigated the combined effect of the two factors, including mean depth and mean temperature. This study suggests that juvenile pikeminnow survival may be elevated by controlling population levels of non-native fish and the utilization of flow regimes that maintain suitable nursery habitat by providing adequate water depth, surface area, and temperature.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Mathematical Modeling
- Creator:
- Ackerman, James D.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Biology
- Creator:
- Nasser Anastas, Jane Mary
- Description:
- For the past decade the counseling field in the United States has been changing in order to satisfy the needs of a growing culturally diverse population. Professionals in this field are finding it necessary to understand the different processes culturally diverse individuals experience when anticipating help regarding a mental health issue. As both local and global systems change it is important for clinicians to understand individuals’ attitudes toward seeking help from a mental health practitioner (Atkinson, 2007). Professionals in this field are finding it necessary to understand the different processes culturally diverse individuals experience when anticipating help regarding a mental health issue. The study investigated some of the differences in attitudes toward seeking psychological help in American and Venezuelan college students residing in the United States and Venezuela, respectively. Furthermore, this study was aimed at understanding some of the cultural and gender differences between the groups. This project examined 184 college students from the United States and Venezuela using the Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS), (Mackenzie, Knox, Gekoski, & Macaulay, 2004, pp. 2434). Main effects for gender groups and nationalities and interactions were examined. We found a significant difference between the two nationalities for the overall IASMHS measure and two of the IASMHS sub-scales, help seeking propensity and psychological openness. We also found a significant gender difference on the psychological openness sub-scale of the IASMHS with females scoring significantly higher than men. Implications of the results of the present study are discussed as well as recommendations for future research.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Whitley, Jason M.
- Description:
- This thesis is a qualitative examination of the events of the 2008 Republican National Convention in St. Paul Minnesota. Specifically, I examine the detainment, harassment, and arrest of ten independent journalists before and during street protests surrounding this convention. Independent media represents an ideological counter hegemonic production and distribution of content that closely aligns with social movements. The journalists’ stories serve to illustrate how independent journalists organize themselves within the contentious environment of large protests as well as describe the phenomenon of political repression in the form of pre- emptive detainment, mass arrest, and surveillance. Also discussed are a variety of concepts closely related to the two main themes including the role of technology and the public sphere. With this research I connect literature on social movement repression with literature and ideas about independent media and contentious politics. This analysis describes how social movements and independent media have become altered organizationally by the political repression and strategic incapacitation of their members.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Sociology
- Creator:
- Vigil, Katie J.
- Description:
- Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae have been shown to cause many human and animal diseases. SRG rickettsial phylotypes G021 and G022 were recently detected in Ixodes pacificus ticks from Napa and California using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Prevalence, genotyping, and geographic distribution of SFG Rickettsia species phylotypes in Ixodes pacificus, Dermacentor occidentalis, and mammalian hosts in Califonia have yet to be investigated. A qPCR outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene assay detected and quantified SFG Rickettsia species phylotypes G022 and G021 in I. pacificus (n=265). Of 265 I. pacificus tested, 10 (3.8%) ticks were positive for phylotype G022, while 265 ticks (100%) had phylotype G021. The prevalence of phylotype G022 did not differ between counties (χ2 = 1.42, Pχ2> 0.05) or vegetation habitat types (χ2 = 2.85, Pχ2>0.05). However, the burden of SFG Rickettsia speecies phylotype G021 differed between collection sites (P<0.05) and vegetative type (P<0.05). Habitat vegetation information of the tick collection sites suggested that the density of Rickettsia species phylotype G021 is linked to a predominantly wooded habitat in which its host may reside (P<0.05). Although genomes of I. pacificus and its associated microflora have not been completely assessed, the elevated density and ubiquitous prevalence of SFG Rickettsia species phylotype G021 strongly suggests that it is a bacterial endosymbiont of I. pacificus. The ompA qPCR assay detected Rickettsia species phylotype G021 in coagulated dog blood (n=3/199), I. pacificus (n=18/265) and D. occidentalis (n=3/8) that were collected off shelter dogs. The ompA gene sequencing and alignment between coagulated dog blood, as well as I. pacificus and D. occidentalis ticks collected off dogs revealed 100% nucleotide sequence identity among all samples. OmpA sequencing and alignment between Rickettsia species phylotype G021, all coagulated dog blood, I.pacificus and D.occidentalis samples revealed a 99% sequence identitiy with 100% amino acid sequence identity. Multi-spacer typing (MST) of the intergenic regions revealed four SFG Rickettsia species genotypes (M1, M2, M3, and M4) for mppA-purC locus, two genotypes (R1 and R2) for RpmE-tRNAfMet locus, and two genotypes (D1 and D2) for DksA-XerC locus. MST concatenation with ompA revealed 7 genotypes (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7), with genotype T7 sharing 100% sequence identity between coagulated dog blood (n=3/199) and D.occidentlis ticks (n=3/8). This suggests that Rickettsia species from D. occidentalis ticks maybe responsible for transmitting a unique Rickettsia species genotype (not found in I.pacificus) to dogs and should be further investigated. MST sequencing of the three intergenic loci concatenated with ompA revealed multiple genotypes, suggesting subspecies diversity amongst Rickettsia species phylotype G021. Future genome sequencing, isolation in cell culture, and mammalian antibody titers are needed to further classify Rickettsia species phylotypes G021 and G022.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Biology
- Creator:
- Hassan, Asif
- Description:
- Almost 75% of the rural Bangladeshi-population does not have access to grid electricity. The solar home systems (SHS) program in Bangladesh, which is managed by the Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL), has provided millions of rural Bangladeshis with access to electric lighting. LED lamps are a key energy efficient appliance used with off-grid SHS. The goal of this research is to collect and analyze data about the quality and performance of LED lamps sold in the Bangladesh market. Fieldwork and laboratory testing using methods specified in IEC Technical Specification 62257-12-1 were used to collect information about the use, sales, quality, and performance of these lamps. The results showed that the IDCOL-approved lamps had higher performance and better durability than the local-market products, although the former products were more expensive. The average prices of the IDCOL-approved and local-market products were Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) 457 ($5.83) and 113 ($1.44), respectively. The average lumen output values for IDCOL-approved and local-market lamps were similar at 259 lm and 247 lm, respectively, but the average luminous efficacy for IDCOL-approved products was much higher, at 83 lm/W, than the corresponding value for the local-market lamps, at 50 lm/W. The IDCOL-approved products also performed better with regard to durability metrics such as lumen maintenance and workmanship quality. A performance analysis shows that households can receive about 66% more lighting service, measured in lumen hours per day, by using IDCOL-approved LEDs rather than local-market products. This research highlights the importance of laboratory testing to ensure the quality of LED lamps in the Bangladesh SHS market.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Environmental Systems