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- Creator:
- Liang, Haocheng
- Description:
- Water is a very important component in the environment and it is crucial for many living organisms. When the pH of water is out of its normal range, the ecosystems fail to work. It is extremely important to monitor the pH of environmental waters. Although a pH meter is commonly used for the determination of pH values in modern laboratories, a fast and reliable method for the pH determination is still desired in the remote field study when the power source is limited. Traditionally, scientists rely on the color of pH indicators to tell the approximate value of water pH. Despite the subtle changes of pH indicator color cannot be sensed by human eyes, they are detectable using electronic devices. In this method can be used for pH determination. Real-world environmental water samples are under testing with more optimizations on detecting system and testing conditions.
- Resource Type:
- Abstract
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Creator:
- Bujosa, Christopher
- Description:
- A successful running play should not always be defined by the amount of yards that is gained. The run is a powerful tool, and can help open up for longer plays down the field. When I decided to start watching games to find out a reasonable stat to look at, I noticed that big highlight run plays were often due to the fact that a player just made a nice move, and forced the defender to miss. Due to that, I decided to look at things previous to the snap and right after the snap, and see how these decisions could help lead to a more proficient running and passing game. To try and draw an idea on how the run affects the game, I looked at play making, and what the players decided to do post snap, and the plays that were called. In this paper I'll be looking at • Plays run on which quarter. • If there were any motion or shift change before the snap. • The use of play action and its effectiveness. • Why run the ball?
- Resource Type:
- Abstract
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Creator:
- Lu, Thuy Vu Dieu and Lin, Jeremy
- Description:
- In this work, we consider finding an optimal solution to a source-seeking problem where an electromagnetic source is to be located by a group of robots. We do not assume knowledge of a theoretical model for the source signal and study the case when significant noise may be present in the environment. Thus, robot movement is controlled based upon measurements of the strongest signals received. In particular, we implement an existing algorithm that uses Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization, which incorporates randomness and is intended to mimic behaviors observed in nature. We extend current static and dynamic obstacle avoidance strategies to prohibit mid-path collisions and to improve performance. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed techniques.
- Resource Type:
- Abstract
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Creator:
- Thai, Andrew
- Description:
- Phosphorylated sugars are prevalent in metabolic processes and are found in both animals and plants. Studying the function of each provides a better understanding of how biological systems respond to their environment. However, quantification of phosphorylated compounds by HPLC is not straightforward due in large part to their low concentration, lack of a chromophore, and interaction with parts of the instrument. We developed a method using HPLC coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector to quantify phosphorylated sugars, negating the need of expensive instrumentation or derivatization methods. The two sugars investigated are trehalose-6-phosphate (TGP) and fructose-6-phosphate (FGP). FGP is an intermediate product that is produced from the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate within the glycolysis metabolic pathway. TGP is a byproduct of the biosynthesis of trehalose and has been implicated in a variety of important mechanisms, including sucrose regulation. Interestingly, while the internal standard (the disaccharide sucrose) has an experimental detection limit of 200 ?M, the phosphorylated disaccharide TGP has not been detected. However, FGP was detected with the addition of modifiers to the mobile phase. The average retention times for sucrose was 11.574 min whereas the FGP eluted at 12.395 min. Separation was achieved using a HILIC column for both methods with an injection volume of 10 uL. The current objective is to find a modifier other than triethylamine that is more volatile, as well as running TGP standards. This experiment suggests that HPLC-ELSD can be used to identify and quantify the concentrations of phosphorylated sugars, which can be applied broadly to biological samples.
- Resource Type:
- Abstract
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Creator:
- Perdomo, Emely Giron
- Description:
- Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a protozoan pathogen named Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv). Tv affects more than 300 million men and women worldwide. It has been shown that neutrophils use a process called trogocytosis to kill Tv. Trogocytosis is a process in which a cell, such as a neutrophil, takes "bites" out of its neighboring target cell. It has been shown that the neutrophil trogocytosis may be regulated by antibody opsonization of its target cell. Antibody opsonization is the coating of a pathogen with antibodies to crosslink cells to the pathogen using Fe surface receptors. Research has shown that Fc?Rlla (CD32a) is important for the trogocytosis mechanism against cancer cells. We hypothesize that CD32a is also important for neutrophils to trogocytose and kill Tv. To test this, we will knock out the CD32a gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We will generate CD32a knockout neutrophil-like cells (NLCs) and perform several assays that will show whether trogocytosis was affected by that CD32a knock-out. We have generated a plasmid that will mediate CD32a knockout and confirmed the presence of CD32 in NLCs through antibody staining and flow cytometry. We will also perform cytolysis assays under different inhibiting and blocking conditions of the CD32a receptor to further investigate the role of CD32a in neutrophil trogocytosis of Tv. We hope that our findings will give us more insight into the initiation process of trogocytosis of Tv by neutrophils that can inform prevention treatments in the future.
- Resource Type:
- Abstract
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Creator:
- Gutierrez, Carlos
- Description:
- Nitric Oxide (NO) has growing importance due to its biological and environmental relevance. NO interacts with copper metal centers in biological systems to effectively reduce NO to N20, but the mechanism is unknown, and the intermediates are challenging to characterize. To study this phenomenon, X-ray crystallographic data of two copper complexes, [MeNN]Cu1 (n2-0NAr) and Me2NN]Cull(k2-02N2Ar) were used to conduct X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) calculations to produce an XES spectrum using density functional theory (OFT). XES is a technique that can be used to probe metalloenzymes by ionizing a 1s core electron leaving behind a hole for valence electrons to fill. When an electron moves to lower energy to fill the hole, measurable energy is given off and recorded. Results conclude that XES calculations could distinguish the two complexes. The calculations suggest that experimental XES should also be able to distinguish these two complexes and would be an ideal tool in identifying extra NO ligands within intermediates.
- Resource Type:
- Abstract
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Creator:
- Hoxie, Alexis
- Description:
- The main goal of the research is to create new catalysts for reducing nitrous oxide, (N2O) which is a greenhouse gas. N2O is mainly produced from fossil fuel combustion and human activities and it has a warming potential up to 310 times that of carbon dioxide. Nitrous oxide hasdangerous effects to the ozone layer, reducing protection from the sun and UV radiation. The soil microorganism Geobacillus stearothermophilus reduces N2O and converts it into N2 but has low efficiency. Using a metal like Fe2+ will be more beneficial than Geobacillus stearothermophilus because it's more readily abundant. A series of reactions has been done to synthesize an iron complex, beginning with crystallization of the ligand precursor, mesitylamidazole. After crystallization, the synthesis of the bisimidazolium salt is done by adding a dibromoalkane and the mesitylamidazole with toluene under reflux. Now, the ligand can be deprotonated with the addition of KHMDS and the carbene can be chelated with FeCl2. A new synthesis for (MesNHC2Me)FeCl2,(3,3'-dimesityl-1, 1 '-methylenediimidazole-2,2'-diylidene)iron dichloride, was achieved from the reaction of (MesNHC2Me)Br2 with FeCl2 in THF. Future directions include oxidation, reduction, and synthesis of N2 and N2O complexes to see how N2O can convert to N2.
- Resource Type:
- Abstract
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Creator:
- Nguyen, Nhan
- Description:
- To support the increasing need for energy and materials, alternative resources beside fossil fuels have been explored. Among these chemicals which are produced from biomass are an excellent alternative due to its sustainable nature. In order to convert biomass into chemicals, oxygen in biomass must be removed. One possible chemical reaction of reducing oxygen is deoxydehydration (DODH), the making of an alkene from a vicinal diol by remove 1 H20 and ½ 02 using a reducing agent in the present of a catalyst. Previous experiments showed that three metal-based catalyst rhenium, vanadium, and molybdenum can be used for DODH reaction with rhenium based catalysts resulting in highest yields. However, rhenium based catalysts are costly due to the rarity of the metal. Therefore, to study the most economical catalyst for DODH reaction, this project will focus on synthesizing Molybdenum based catalysts and testing their catalytic activity in DODH reaction. The analysis of DODH reactions will be presented.
- Resource Type:
- Abstract
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Creator:
- Bonnand, Evan
- Description:
- Synthesis of iron nitrosyl complexes with carbamate ligands Formation of first row transition metal complexes that can bind a nitrosyl group (NO) is of interest for understanding how biological systems reduce atmospheric pollutants, and for future chemical reactions. One approach is to construct complexes containing an ancillary ligand bound to the metal first and add the nitrosyl group second. A second approach is to form an iron nitrosyl complex with intermediate H2O ligands first, followed by addition of an ancillary N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate ligand. This method and complex were previously reported to be air-stable, making the chemistry more accessible than typical procedures in the absence of oxygen and moisture. The current work investigated the various components of the reaction to identify the most robust procedure. FellSO4-7H2O was reacted with NaNO2 in sulfuric acid to form [Fe(NO)(H2O)5]2-, followed by addition of sodium N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (dtc) to form (dtc)2Fe(NO). Several different trials were conducted by changing the ratios of starting materials to determine the optimal conditions. IR spectroscopy verified the presence of the nitrosyl complex. Additional variants included using Felll starting materials and silver N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate, which both resulted in formation of the desired product. Future work includes further characterization and isolation of the complex in bulk.
- Resource Type:
- Abstract
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Creator:
- Courtney, Jessica
- Description:
- Cultured meat is destined to impact communities on a global scale. By transitioning from livestock meat production to cell based, it is estimated to drastically decrease the use of energy, land, and water being consumed by livestock production, while also significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions that are released annually. To bring these products to market, policies and regulations need to be put in place to ensure quality and safety. As of March 2019, the FDA and USDA released a formal agreement of their intent to oversee the production and labeling of cultured meat. This agreement lays out a broad outline and does not create enforceable obligations. This vague framework hardly begins to adequately address the need for clear regulations in order to bring cultured meat to the shelves for US consumers. This paper will propose a more detailed and enforceable framework for the regulation of cultured meat by providing a clear division of authority between the FDA and the USDA.
- Resource Type:
- Abstract
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona