Using the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (Asher & Wheeler, 1985), significant differences were found for loneliness and social dissatisfaction among four groups of adolescents based on class placement and rank within placement. Re . . .

Yukio Mishima, a Japanese novelist well known to people across the world, was not familiar with sports in his childhood and his adolescence. In 1955, at the age of 30, he trained his body and began to enthusiastically undertake sporting activities. Bo . . .

The present paper analyses the terrible phenomenon of genocide, which represents a particular case of crimes against humanity. We attempt at accounting for the causes at the root of the phenomenon, starting from two concepts, which we argue as central . . .

As the number and complexity of financial reporting standards (generally accepted accounting principles [GAAP]) continue to grow, non publicly-traded companies find it increasingly expensive to use the GAAP-basis of accounting. Likewise, small and med . . .

In contexts of political philosophy, Confucianism is frequently identified as a culture with a long evolving history in China, with branches in other countries such as Korea, Japan, and Southeast Asia that were amalgamated with other local cultures, a . . .

This article explores issues of public reactions often encountered by personswith disabilities. A recent trip to Disneyland provides an opportunity to experience as well as reflect on interactions between those with and without disabilities.

This is an analysis of a moral and ideological dilemma facing the Chinese authority, with a focus on its shifting position on so-called “particularity of China”. Originally the Chinese communists were Universalists who rejected their various rivals’ a . . .

Citing in text

A number of professional organizations have called on accounting faculty to use technology in their courses. Given the range of technologies available, the purpose of this study is to determine what technologies have widespread applications among acco . . .

The work of the Japanese classical scholar Nakashima Hirotari, who came to prominence in Nagasaki in the latter half of the Edo period, was preserved in memory—thanks, in part, to the series of discourses written by Yatomi Hamao, a pre-war scholar of . . .

There is much speculation on the long-range effects of the O.J. Simpson trial which is already rewriting the rules in nearly every area of the American legal system. In our democracy a primary concern is the citizen’s right to know; a right which must . . .

The human dilemma of love versus hatred has existed throughout development of both Western and Eastern civilization. “Love” is a central concept, a basic ideal and an important practice in Eastern culture. It is a loose term, however, and troubles res . . .

The authors analyze the recent undertaking in El Salvador to establish an innovative model of industry–higher education clusters that would facilitate collaboration between academia and the private sector – sectors that traditionally had not worked to . . .

Ten years after writing Logical Investigations, Edmund Husserl, in his famous and sole Logos essay, defended the thesis that philosophy ought to be a 'rigorous science' and described this goal of philosophy as an "ideal" that 'has never been completel . . .

Once upon a time, positive accounting theory -- a variant of positive economic theory -- was radical. Watts and Zimmerman, whose book Positive Accounting Theory now is the most standard fare in accounting PhD programs, had a great deal of trouble gett . . .

Gandhi’s relationship to liberal political philosophy has recently become a source of controversy. On the one hand, advocates for a virtue-based reformed liberal interpretation of Gandhi are inattentive to the devotional aspects of his political thoug . . .

Table of Contents

The American Philosophical Association administers the David Baumgardt Memorial Fellowship in the Amount of $10,000 for the support and dissemination of research in the field of ethics. Competition for this fellowship is open to candidates of any nati . . .

Scholars have observed that the clash between patriotism and cosmopolitanism constitutes a central theme of Rabindranath Tagore’s novel The Home and the World. What remains to be fully addressed, however, is Tagore’s profound depiction of affective an . . .

The increasing complexity of Vietnam’s economic activities, together with a growing number of graduates, is creating substantial social demand for a better-educated workforce beyond the Vietnamese primary school. While primary education provides basic . . .

For many businesses, maintaining their election to be taxed as Subchapter S corporations is important. This is because S corporations enjoy all of the legal benefits of being incorporated (prime among them being limited legal liability for shareholder . . .

Journal of East-West Thought devotes its Summer Issue to education, a time honored and an unavoidable topic of today, yesterday and probably forever. Six distinguished scholars from Canada, India, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States have p . . .

Every year many college students choose accounting as their major in pursuit of a career in public accounting. Disenchanted with their jobs, every year, too, many accountants leave their public accounting jobs and seek alternative employment. Prior re . . .

This article serves as a preliminary investigation of decorum as a rhetorical resource, and the ethical ramifications of decorum for contemporary society. Recently, academic writing has become the subject of renewed scrutiny regarding the ethical trea . . .

To conceptualize Confucian religiosity is to reveal the ultimate concern contained in the Confucian concept of life. Conceptually, ultimate concern connotes an understanding of the foundation of life, the ultimate goal of life, and the way to it. Base . . .

the purpose of this essay is to develop a concept of a cosmopolitan order that facilitates both moral solidarity and ethical pluralism in the globe. Doing so, I will explore both Jürgen Habermas’ and Seyla Benhabib’s reconstruction of the Kantian cosm . . .

In 1986, the Audit Education Committee of the Audit Section of the world’s foremost accounting scholarly association – the American Accounting Association– concluded that knowledge of business systems was important to the study of auditing but best ac . . .

In this article, I develop a Gandhian perspective on animal liberation. Indeed, I argue, against Gandhi himself, the traditional Hindu theory of the purusharthas, or goals of life, applies to non-human as well as human animals. In this respect, I adap . . .

Examples of references in APA* style

Kafka’s art is one of negative capability immersed in negative emotions. Towards what is this art of negativity directed? In the broad sense, the Kafkaesque strangeness can be seen as part of his modern allegory meant to expose the modern conditions o . . .

In the language convention equation for a long time the government plays a major role in Chinese. Since 1949, when the Peoples Republic of China was founded, Chinese used on mainland China has been much influenced, if not prescribed, by official gover . . .

This essay has two major parts. First, a comparison between poetry and comparative work itself. Second, a comparison of the Zhuangzi and Euripides’ Bacchae. Comparison is like a poem in that both are imaginative constructions that rely on the creativi . . .

Faculty seeking ways to encourage student perception and appreciation of the highlights of a course might consider adopting some version of the take home midterm assignment setout below. It asks students to identify items that are important to them an . . .

The essay demonstrates that ‘Journey to the West’ (JW) treats all Buddhist and Daoist scriptures as cannons for cultivating the mind. Since the novel explicitly states that Sun Wukong is resolved to cultivate Xuan (玄), Xuan should be interpreted as a . . .

In literature about Chinese philosophy, there are two prevailing views: (1) Chinese philosophy lacks interest in metaphysical pursuit and is preoccupied with practical affairs; and (2) There is a rich cosmology in Chinese thought. However, when we put . . .

Industrial refrigeration systems such as those present in an ethylene plant oran ammonia plant are designed based on the demand of refrigerant in the associated processes. Once the duties of the heat exchangers and the temperatures of the refrigerant . . .

As an intermedia art Chinese calligraphy bridges the visual and verbal arts; its role goes beyond language learning to provide a key to understanding Chinese art as a holistic art. Furthermore, Chinese calligraphy can be used as a model to illustrate . . .

Liu Yazhou: President Xi Jinping said: “History is the source of the current affairs and every country’s today comes from its yesterday.” The War of Jiawu is a war that profoundly changed the destinies of two countries: China and Japan. It also influe . . .

In 1979, a unique and revolutionary event occurred in France. PhotographerLucien Clergue was granted a Ph.D. (cum laude ) solely on the basis of hiscollection of photographs entitled Langage des Sables (Language of the Sands).Directed by premier Frenc . . .

“When a white horse is not a horse,” also known as the ‘White Horse Dialogue,’ is a well-known paradox advanced by Gongsun Long. Since its appearance, it has inspired various interpretations and critiques in the past 2,200 years so that it becomes an . . .

In 1949 the civil war in China concluded as a matter of fact with the complete control of mainland by the armies of the Communist Party, which established the People’s Republic (PRC). The nationalist army made itself strong in the island of Taiwan –a . . .

Faculty, administrators, and other members of the University community are invited to submit papers based on scholarly research and other innovative activities to The Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. Of particular interest will be work addressing . . .

In this piece of work I have revisited the free will problem which is a problem about intentional agency under deterministic causation as is perceived in the folk mindscape. I have first tried to disentangle the concept of deterministic causation from . . .

The business Strategy and Computer Simulation (SPAS) model consists of instructor and student software developed to simulate a competitive industry. It accommodates up to 10 firms that manufacture two products which can be sold in three markets. A com . . .

The author, Ohno Susumu, is a Japanese language scholar. In this book, he deals with historical documents with mythological elements such as the Kojiki (712 A.D.) and the Nihon Shoki (720 A.D.) and other classical literary works using the methodology . . .

This study demonstrates that a commonly used type of factor analysis, principle components analysis, contributes to the amount of error in statistical analysis. In the study, which concerns email use, factor analyses were performed using several diffe . . .

Reflecting on the political nature of literature and its relation to modern democracy, the essay begins by problematizing any notion of commitment in literature. However, irresponsibility found in literature, far from undermining the political process . . .

Medical care programs of various types have now moved to the center of thedomestic economic stage. Retirees availing themselves of these medical benefitsare worried about the future cost, adequacy, and structure of these benefits. The1996 national ele . . .

The goal of this essay is to discuss characteristics and process behaviors of an intact group: the Campus Climate Survey Committee (CCSC) at Cal Poly Pomona. We will use reflective learning as a means of identifying features and characteristics of a s . . .

Shared articulations of moral values across societies in the global age are like common currencies in globalized economy. No currency is pre-determined to be a world currency; no single articulation of moral values is pre-determined to be globally sha . . .

In this essay I will discuss five major challenges faced by Confucianism in recent times. Two of these challenges have been widely acknowledged, namely those of science and democracy. I believe that Confucianism’s problem with science has been largely . . .

The Ethical philosophy of the Bhagavadgītā is centered on the assimilation of diverse values and it can provide a harmonized ethical view of life and hence it may be called Jīvangītā (song of life) which is proposed to be highlighted here. It rejects . . .

Chinese traditional thinkers attempt to examine cosmopolitanism through metaphysical, ethical, aesthetical, and utopian imagination. They transform the examination of cosmopolitanism from the geographical to ethical-political. The conceptualization of . . .

Concepts of ultimate reality in Hinduism namely Brahman and in Buddhism namely Shunyata are discussed from the perspective of Modern Physics. We find that there is an astonishingly close parallelism between the two completely diverse fields. Some spec . . .

Using the story of the protagonist Lin Daiyu in the Chinese classical novel A Dream of Red Mansions as the literary paradigm, this paper explores the traditional Chinese philosophical concept of wu ji bi fan (extremity produces selfdestruction; extrem . . .

There is a purely historical notion of “Early Phenomenology” (from the late 19th century to 1939), a period during which Husserl’s move towards transcendental phenomenology (1905 and 1913) has occurred that led to the break between him and almost the . . .

Reflecting on Habermas„ non-state concept of legally constituted world community, this essay starts with two questions of global justice: (1) Beyond state-borders, what is the associative human relationship that gives rise to the obligation of justice . . .

The subject of this article is a new mapping transforming points or figures in the hyperpolar plane into other points or figures in the same plane relative to a fixed hyperpolar circle. This transformation is similar to the Euclidean inversion with re . . .

Abstract: This essay draws attention to the neglect of a key foundational text of Daoism, namely the Zhuangzi in early modern European discourses about China. It traces the contrasting Jesuit interaction with Confucianis m as opposed to Buddhism and D . . .

This lively volume, as Chenyang Li and Hong Xiao note in their foreword, contributes to the relation between Chinese diaspora experience and Chinese Philosophy, and it raises and explores important pertinent questions. These questions are crucial for . . .

This research focuses on attitudes toward women as managers and identifies variables that might be associated with more positive attitudes. Samples included 369 industry professionals, 36 business faculty, and 179 students. Results indicate that the i . . .

The Los Angeles (LA) apparel industry represents the largest manufacturing employer in LA County, which makes it a prosperous combination of jobs and creativity. Los Angeles has been looked upon by other fashion cities as a place where a creative entr . . .

In this paper,1 I discuss a certain way of understanding resentment and forgiveness found in contemporary philosophical discussions. It understands resentment in terms of the notion of self-respect, and forgiveness in terms of the forswearing of resen . . .

In the essay Lun Shangdi Yintui [On the Withdrawal of God], Mou Zongsan (1909-1995) recontexulized the concept of “withdrawal of God,” a constant theme repeatedly appearing in Hölderlin’s writing, within a set of Confucian literary and cultural parame . . .

In his lecture “The Rise of Asia’s Universities”, delivered at the Royal Society in London in 2010, Richard C. Levin, then President of Yale University, criticized higher education in Asian nations for being narrowly specialized and unimaginative, and . . .

Citing in text.

The term ‘indigenous’, since late 20th century, is being extensively used to denote people and literatures, in addition to its previous function of classifying flora and fauna. These people, under international and national legislations are referred a . . .

Barbara Holdrege’s seminal article, “Veda and Torah: The Word Embodied in Scripture” and her extended work on the same topic, “Veda and Torah: Transcending the Textuality of Scripture,” create a bridge between the Jewish and Hindu textual traditions. . . .

One of the central philosophical issues is the problem of Truth-Falsehood (Zhen-Jia) in A Dream of Red Mansions. We may find three positions in this book: The first is “Truth” (Zhen) which also means “Being,” “Reality,” “Existence,” “Physical and Mate . . .

The importance of innovation to the survival of organizations in a turbulent environment has led to greater emphasis on improving the innovation process. The opportunity to do so is enhanced where learning is captured and applied to existing processes . . .

As the Aerocaribe DC 9 began to descend into Havana, 45 minutes after it took off fromCancun, Mexico, I read that Fidel was preparing to leave Cuba for Venezuela to attend the inauguration of President Hugo Chavez. Almost 39 years since my first visit . . .

Instead of directly addressing the question whether there is such a thing as Chinese philosophy, the paper starts by considering the point of raising such a question, and proposes that the point can be captured by a different question about whether th . . .

Journal of East-West Thought publishes three articles by Liu Yazhou as its special edition. Liu Yazhou’s articles address China’s history, culture and national character written over a time span of a decade. We publish them as an anthology at a time w . . .

This study examined faculty qualifications and factors influencing employment decisions of administrators in hospitality programs across the United States. Ther esults may assist potential faculty in choosing the type of degree to pursue, the content . . .

The U.S. economy is in transition. Recent changes in the U.S. Congress once again call for economic policy reforms that will have significant implications.This paper provides a comparative analysis of two divergent economic policies between 1960 and 1 . . .

This paper aims to revisit the leadership skills depicted in the epic period, particularly from the Mahabharata and to link them with the Management and Leadership of a Tertiary Education Institution namely the Mahatma Gandhi Institute for sustainable . . .

During the Summer of 1995, a study was conducted by the author in the city of Yantai, which is located in the Shandong Province in northeastern China. The purpose of this research was to better understand the role of women and gender issues in the wor . . .

This study supports the notion that career advancement within an organization can be facilitated by work related relationships. The study reviews the risks and benefits of the classic mentor relationship and the scarcity of spontaneous, informal mento . . .

Pictorial interfaces, including iconic, diagrammatic and forms-oriented, are common in today’s software development environment. The acceptance of visual interfaces has prompted software manufacturers to extend this feature to programming languages. T . . .

In his excellent paper “Perfection and Imperfection of Josef Seifert’s Theory of Pure Perfections,” Rogelio Rovira has formulated with precision Anselm of Canterbury’s philosophical discovery of the pure perfections and Duns Scotus‘ refinements of thi . . .

Since very early times women have had a strong influence on the developmentof the sciences in general and chemistry in particular. In this paper I present an original play about some historical women of chemistry, emphasizing the positive aspects of e . . .

Moral obligations and basic human rights must be distinguished from each other and from positive rights and laws. Ethics and basic human rights rest on human dignity. The right to life is shown to be a natural and “absolute right,” but it is also in a . . .

This essay is devoted to exploring global justice as duty to humanity. The essay first explores humanity as the universal substance of all humankind, indicating that if a person loses a quality, s/he is not alienated or less than himself/herself; but . . .

Indian Philosophical thinking is centered to freedom from problems and the basic problem is identified as ignorance. Ignorance gives birth to all limitations, conflicts, sorrow and suffering. The purpose of philosophical thinking is therapeutic that i . . .

This article summarizes the results of a survey of customer satisfaction with Techsploration Days, a community service of the Cal Poly Pomona Departmentof Teacher Education, that allows persons with disabilities and their families, as well as professi . . .

The paper analyzes the nature, objectives and trends of African social and political philosophy. It distinguishes two major axis: identity and emancipation of Africa as well as democracy and cultural diversity. The former includes theories such as neg . . .

Confucian ethics and feminist ethics of ‘care’ both emphasize people’s interdependency, positioning ‘ren’ and ‘care,’ respectively, as the most fundamental value of their ethical theories. Both argue that care as a theory and practice can extend to th . . .

In 1949, while living in Paris, Mexican poet-essayist Octavio Paz wrote his first major work, The Labyrinth of Solitude (1950), a hermeneutical text of self-examination based on observing the everyday phenomena of Mexican life while in search of “the . . .

This paper explores the nature of crimes against humanity and the moments that distinguish such a kind of crime. It indicates that such crime is featured by a quantitative magnitude and number of victims and the qualitative “inhumanity”. By this token . . .