Civilian review boards can benefit not only an individual complainant, but also the surrounding community at large and law enforcement agencies across the country. The diminutive amount of existing research conducted on civilian review boards has focu . . .

Communications Training Officers (CTOs) within the 24 California Highway Patrol state-wide Communications Centers (CC) currently lack a comprehensive training guide which provides a roadmap to guide them and enhance their ability to assess and accurat . . .

Often the perceptions students have towards concealed carry differ in a variety of cases especially males’ and females’ opinions (Doubleday, 2013; Gius, 2018; Jang, Dierenfeldt, & Lee, 2014). Few studies have explored if one's gender had any signi . . .

This project examines the concept of community policing and how it has influenced contemporary law enforcement agencies. While the term community policing has been used often in literature, the concept is somewhat nebulous. The various definitions of . . .

There is no single universal definition of the terms stalking and cyberstalking as these terms vary in legal, social and academic meaning. This study aims to determine which behaviors are most commonly considered stalking and cyberstalking, based on s . . .

The relationship between immigration and crime has long been a topic of interest among scholars. Much of the research has focused on black and Latino populations in an attempt to explain racial segregation and crime in American cities. The present stu . . .

Intimate partner homicides (IPH’s) have been decreasing in the United States for the last four decades. There has been considerable research into the reasons for this decline. All the evidence has lead researchers to focus on a few key areas including . . .

The purpose of this research was to gauge the knowledge and perceptions of Megan’s Law among pre-criminal justice lower division students and criminal justice upper division students enrolled at Sacramento State University. Using a simple random sampl . . .

Court ordered community service is a severely under researched correctional option. Previous findings from the literature show that sociodemographic factors influence recidivism, offenders’ willingness to serve alternative sanctions, and the type of w . . .

Public defenders being equally effective at gaining acquittals for defendants when compared to private counsel has allowed for an assumption that the public defender, and the promise made in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), is working. But what does this . . .

One of the major goals of this study was to determine how well reserves perform in a highly intense and complex environment, while having a limited amount of time available to gain necessary skills and build a sufficient knowledge base. Data establish . . .

The autonomy of law enforcement has been addressed by the development of civilian oversight agencies/entities. These agencies aim to provide accountability of law enforcement through civilian review of police policies, independent civilian investigati . . .

Crips and Bloods-traditional gangs whose mere names conjure up fearful images of violence and destruction-are no longer at the forefront of the gang reality in Sacramento. Instead, influenced by the Bay Area-based rap music subculture of Hyphy, gangs . . .

The use of physical restraint in order to control violent or aggressive adolescents and adults continues to be practiced widely throughout various agencies, as it has for many years. Historically the use of physical restraint in educational settings h . . .

The media plays an important role in presenting information to the public concerning correctional officers and labor relations. The CCPOA is the largest and most powerful correctional officers union in California and has frequently been reported on by . . .

Criminology seeks to offer ways to understand crime and to define criminal acts and system restitution. Is there a way in which it can be sufficiently applied in analyzing state crimes, crimes against humanity, and in specific the incidences of tortur . . .

Following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush responded by declaring a global war on terrorism (GWOT). As part of the GWOT, the United States launched two military invasions against Afghanistan and Iraq, which have in . . .

The purpose of this study is to understand how advocates perceive their job in relation to meeting and fighting for the standards of the Mental Health Services Act that was enacted in 2004 with the passage of Proposition 63. The research questions for . . .

The advent of technology inherently creates problems as much as it lends efficiency, and unfortunately, the internet plays a pivotal role in a few of the major problems it has created. Current research reveals possible connections between social netwo . . .

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of violence in the religion of Islam from historical and theological perspectives. Today there is a general assumption that the religion of Islam has been “hijacked” by minority groups of militant rad . . .