The purpose of this study was to explore the framing of the narrative presented by American news outlets in reporting on the NFL national anthem protests that began in 2016 to bring attention to police brutality and systemic racism towards blacks in t . . .

This research examines the experiences of individuals with tinnitus as told by the messages exchanged on an online discussion board. This study provides insight on an illness that is often overlooked, shedding light on the day to day problems individu . . .

College participation rates are growing among students of lower socioeconomic status and first-generation students (those who are the first members of their families to attend college), however their success rates do not keep pace with students of hig . . .

Despite the influx of superhero films in recent years, the genre seems to replicate the hegemonic gender relations of capitalist American society. Is there a difference between how these films from 1990-2019 use their protagonists to portray gendered . . .

Using the cross-national data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) 2015, this thesis compared workers in the United States and Japan. This thesis examined the potential factors resulting in unequal distribution of work-to-family confl . . .

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is a temporary immigration policy that was passed by President Obama in June 2012. This research focuses on the impact that DACA has had on the DACAmented and UnDACAmented recipients. This study will also . . .

This study analyzed punk rock song lyrics that were released between the years 1996-2006, from two California record companies, Fat Wreck Chords and Epitaph Records. The purpose of doing so was to find political themes, during the Pre and Post 9/11 Er . . .

The purpose of this thesis was to explore how discrimination impacted Asian Americans’ political engagement. Specifically, this thesis investigated 1) whether discrimination contributes to lower political engagement (i.e., participation in political a . . .

Sociologists have examined the barriers that students of color, in general, experience in higher education, as well as how campus climate can be improved to be more inclusive for the increasingly diversified student population. However, few researcher . . .

Research on undocumented students has been developed during the last decade, however, most of the sociological research on the undocumented community has focused on college students. This study examines the aspirational experiences among the general u . . .

Using social identity theory, this research investigated how the general public perceived demonstrations of white nationalism during the “Unite the Right” rally of August 12, 2017. Examining publicly available comments posted to news articles about th . . .

The early 1990’s reports of spikes in juvenile violence brought nationwide interest in reforming the juvenile justice system to prevent youth from engaging in delinquent behavior. Diversion Programs have since then become of high importance with the g . . .

Despite government programs intended to alleviate housing instability, low-income families continue to struggle in gaining safe and affordable housing. Affordable housing has become increasingly limited for many working-class families, whose wages hav . . .

This qualitative study observed and recorded 11 Facebook Pages with 14 original posts gathering 402 replies, to see what parents self-reported to their peers on Facebook when asked what the main reason(s) are they choose to homeschool their children. . . .

The purpose of this study is to explore how a Northern California University’s Academic Advising Center’s First Year Advising Program is serving first generation Latina/o students. This quantitative study will analyze the type of visits made after stu . . .

Only a hand full of researchers have studied the Hmong population in the United States. As one of the lowest academic achieving ethnic groups among Asians, the Hmong students' educational experience is a study worthy to examine. The purpose of this th . . .

Films tend toward the socialization of audiences in terms of culture. The symbolism and abstraction invoked by films suggests an exchange of ideas and beliefs, i.e. ideologies. This thesis seeks to explore and understand the avenues of ideological heg . . .

In 2014, approximately 11.1 million undocumented individuals resided in the United States (Passel and Cohn (2016). Today, Mexican-born immigrants make up 24.8 percent of the foreign-born population, making them one of the largest groups of foreign-bor . . .

The problem of missing data in statistical analysis is one that the field of social research has failed to adequately address despite its potential to significantly affect results and subsequent substantive conclusions. The purpose of this study is to . . .

Through the lens of Control theory and Social Learning theory, a juvenile delinquency intervention program is examined by looking at the level of effectiveness of the Juvenile Justice Intervention Program (JJIP) on the reduction of juvenile delinquenc . . .

This thesis uses qualitative and photographic methods to examine how children who live in a Haitian slum, Cité Soleil, view their own impoverished conditions. They demonstrate a high level of fearlessness, compassion and altruism as well as a strong s . . .

The increasingly problematic symptoms of the decentralized city such as suburban sprawl, poverty, geographic inequality, pollution and congestion have created an environment where political discourse surrounding the development and improvement of publ . . .

This thesis analyzes the relationship of Latino university students’ ethnic and racial identities and their academic achievement at California State University, Sacramento. In this study the following questions are examined: (1) from a large number of . . .

Although girls have slowly gained opportunity and access to public education, college, and a growing variety of occupations, access remains limited and different from those experienced by boys. Sex discrimination has become much more subtle in current . . .

This is a study of the gender gap in the mathematics achievement that exists in the tenth grade and the twelfth grade students. The study was done using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002. The findings state that not only a gender ga . . .

The purpose of this study is to understand the current context of magnet programs in the 21st century and the advancement and accessibility to quality public secondary education. This exploratory study examines how participants and non-participants of . . .

The present study explores the process of and changes in social interaction of women who recently completed a women’s self-defense course. Eighteen women from three different courses participated in semi-structured interviews and answered questions re . . .

A group home is a home for children who have experienced various types of abuse and/or neglect by a parent/guardian and are for some reason unable to be maintained in typical foster care placements. Group home life is complex and vastly understudied. . . .

How does social interaction take place within a fully online environment, and what tactics and techniques do users employ to present and manage impressions of self? Within a fully online social interaction site called Second Life, I conducted particip . . .

Wealth inequality in the United States continues to widen year after year. However, only recently has research addressed the relationship of race and wealth and few have analyzed specific forms of wealth accumulation. Home equity is the most popular a . . .

In recent years, parental involvement has become the focus of attention for many researchers interested in investigating factors that influence academic achievement. While there are many possible reasons for this continued interest, it is important to . . .

Despite the many problems associated with methamphetamine manufacturing and use, little empirical evidence exists linking methamphetamine use to violent charges. Researchers have long relied on self-report for their studies on methamphetamine use and . . .

Adolescents’ risky sexual behaviors are a serious public health concern in the United States. This study used the Center for Disease Control’s 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey to examine the complex relationships among social capital, cultural capital, . . .

The most recent conflict in Iraq (after September 11, 2001) has brought renewed interest in understanding the phenomena of war. Generally, when one thinks about war, soldiers are what come to mind, but what about the spouses of soldiers? What happens . . .

This exploratory study analyzed the activity of soccer refereeing in the context of serious leisure. Soccer refereeing is an activity that requires an individual to exert considerable effort in order to participate, and participation is not always enj . . .

This thesis presents a critical evaluation of some ways in which positivist sociological methods hinder the development of knowledge. By way of an empirical investigation of the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento, California, the notion th . . .

Wealth inequality in the United States continues to widen year after year. However, only recently has research addressed the relationship of race and wealth and few have analyzed specific forms of wealth accumulation. Home equity is the most popular a . . .

Beginning in the 1990s, the Japanese economy entered into a prolonged period of alternating low growth and decline, during which Japanese companies began to introduce organizational and policy changes in an attempt to restore their economic performanc . . .

There are a growing number of studies into the subject of female sexual offenders and how they are perceived. In the past, the concept of female sexual offenders was considered an oddity and rarity; but is now recognized as occurring more frequently t . . .

This is a study of African American and Hispanic residents’ attitudes towards police within the context of the treatment they receive from police officials in their daily interactions. This study uses data from the Police- Public Contact Survey of 200 . . .

This study examines the daily practice offair trade. More specifically, I investigate the text-based and discursiveforms of ruling that guide somefair trade behavior. Openended in-depth interviews were conducted with fair trade business owners and cus . . .

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970 to establish and enforce environmental protection standards in accordance with national goals. The EPA is also charged with gathering data on pollution and determining issues of environment . . .

This qualitative study presents high school tracking and the role of social capital among college-bound students. The qualitative methodology includes forty personal interviews to Latino/as and White Non-Hispanic (WNH) high school students. Family’s i . . .

How do students in a racially diverse classroom use race to interact and form peer cultures? In this study, I conducted participant observation for one year at an urban high school in the Sacramento City Unified School District. I developed both a lea . . .

In 2009, Muller et al. examined the process of obtaining temporary and permanent restraining orders in Sacramento County, California. The findings of the study indicate a gender difference in relation to the granting of both temporary and permanent or . . .

Close to ten percent of the U.S. is without paid employment. Increased national unemployment rates are even more devastating for those, such as people with disabilities, who already experience higher rates of unemployment, even during successful econo . . .

Child homicide, although rare, resonates in all individuals for it threatens the moral and social fabric of the contemporary society. For the last four decades, scholars and social workers have dedicated time and resources to find effective solutions . . .

Various studies have claimed that the media coverage of the Israel – Palestine conflict is biased and unbalanced. This study investigates media coverage of the conflict as portrayed by four of the most-watched news networks across the globe: FOX News, . . .

The digital divide, the concept of an inequality in computer and Internet access and skills, has been a political and social scientific topic of research and debate. The prior analyses of Internet use grouped people based on “haves” and “have-nots” an . . .

This study seeks to understand how police officers perceive the prospect of dying while on duty by using driving habits as a proxy. The author analyzes interview data collected from 99 police officers across seven northern California police agencies. . . .

Following incidents such as the 1999 shooting at Columbine High School, governments and school districts have responded with the increased incorporation of police, also known as School Resource Officers (SROs). This critical study deconstructs the rec . . .

Researchers, from a variety of disciplines, contend that social determinants play a substantial role in effecting the health of an individual. Particular interest has emerged in the past twenty years in response to the idea that social capital, especi . . .

This thesis attempted to explore the interaction between Ayn Rand and her theory of Objectivism in relation to social movement organizations in the online environment. The data for the research included comment sections from two online publications; 1 . . .

The purpose of this qualitative study is to: 1) examine how the ethnic identity development process for Filipino Americans influences their involvement in ethnic-peer groups, 2) identify which social structures and institutions foster or prohibit the . . .

Following Norman K. Denzin’s theory on media message transmittance and audience engagement this study sought to examine the gendered messages being communicated through the reality television program “The Bad Girls Club”. Season four of the show was t . . .

The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how Chicanas experience graduate school, given their historical underrepresentation in higher education. Chicanas’ educational experiences in academia can provide a qualitative glimpse of . . .

This study sought to explore how the Cultural Adoption/Diffusion model applied to the import of Japanese popular culture products, specifically anime and manga. This was done through a content analysis of four periodicals covering a period between 199 . . .

This study explores the profile of social enterprises in China, the processes of how they select and pursue earned income opportunities (EIOs), the opportunities and challenges of pursuing EIOs as well as the coping mechanisms to address these challen . . .

Predominately white universities located in hegemonic areas, i.e. Inter-Mountain West region, invest an inadequate amount of resources in support of diversity or multicultural recognition. Notably, there are cultural resources specifically meant for p . . .

The purpose of the current study is to expand knowledge of the history of the term Nigger and its variation Nigga (Nigger/a) in Hip-Hop music. The word “Nigger/a” was a label for African slaves that was also used to signify inferiority. “Nigger/a” is . . .

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau, the foster care population currently includes nearly 400,000 children (2013). In 2012, in California alone, over 43,000 students in grades K-12 were in foster care. Rese . . .

This paper investigates whether the social context in which drug treatment program is administered can affect the outcome of the program. Specifically, this study examines whether the social context affects family dynamics that program subjects experi . . .

Social scientists have attempted to learn how, why and with what level of success residents in low-income communities respond to challenges such as crime, violence, and a lack of resources. Social scientist have examined many factors to learn more abo . . .

This thesis examines the barriers women continue to face in politics and media. The research question is: how do newspapers cover female politicians in the 113th Congress and their contributions to national issues and public policies? There were 575 n . . .

Hip-Hop is an art form born in the streets of the Bronx, New York in the 1970s under very harsh conditions. Rapping ultimately became the chief aspect of the elements of hiphop, and rap music rose to prominence. Its expressive form lied in-between its . . .

The presentation of crime on television can inform individuals’ comprehension of the world around them. Past research has focused on analyzing specific aspects of crime programming to determine the general depiction of crime on television and the impa . . .

Why is racial and gender privilege such a difficult concept for Americans to accept? This research proposes that individualism in the United States has contributed significantly to resistance to the idea of racial and gender privilege. Past research h . . .

For quite some time researchers have studied gender differences in religious commitment trying to explain why women are more religious than men. More recently, related research has claimed that when controlling for certain socio-demographic variables . . .

The introduction of Senate Bill 1070 revitalized the immigration discourse on a national level. Through a qualitative content analysis method, this study uses a novel Integrated Covert Nativism Framework to understand how 21st century nativism frames . . .

The data for this study was collected during the course of 99 interviews with sworn officers from seven Northern California police departments. Thirty-nine of the 99 officers interviewed made comments which related to this study and a total of 65 stat . . .

The author examined the prevalence of hegemonic masculinity in the male-centered television program “MANswers”. The author conducted content analysis to analyze the questions posed in the episodes of “MANswers”. Ten categories relating to hegemonic ma . . .

Using participant observation at Tea Party rallies held in Northern California in 2010 and 2011, this research analyzes how the movement performs diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational framing tasks and explores how the movement operates within alle . . .

Hunger in the U.S. has historically been a problem with many root causes and complicated solutions. There have been many studies on hunger in general, but few speak to the unique characteristics of Californians who are hungry. The December 2010 Food S . . .

The present study investigated the relationship between risk-taking, neighborhood social capital and life satisfaction among adolescent girls. Survey data were used from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) research project and The Unite . . .

Over 100,000 Korean adoptees have migrated to the United States since 1958, making them one of the largest adoption populations in the country. Using the concept of racialized ethnicity, I explored 1) what kinds of ethnic experiences influenced Korean . . .

This thesis attempts to expand the explanatory framework beyond just gender and classical theory to include community level variables. Therefore, the theoretical frameworks guiding this study are the concepts of concentrated disadvantage and collectiv . . .

This study investigates the processes that individuals go through to form online relationships that develop into an online community. I look at bloggers and the experiences that led to the creation of an online community called the “Blogger Family.” I . . .

Sport has traditionally offered limited access to female athletes and has been dominated by the male experience. Academic research has long documented the challenges of female athletes to manage their incongruent identities of female and athlete and t . . .

Prior research affirms that social determinants, particularly socioeconomic status (SES) play a vital role in determining the health of individuals. While many studies show that lower SES relates to lower levels of health, few discuss the role of slee . . .

This thesis attempts to expand the minimal existing research on the civil restraining order process and race/ ethnic discrimination in the judicial granting of such orders. The data for the following study was collected at the William R. Ridgeway Fami . . .

Among sociological scholarship, the shortage of qualitative work on legal permanent residents has limited the understanding of formerly undocumented immigrants who transition from undocumented to documented. This study examines the intersection of gen . . .

With growing participation of women in the labor force, new challenges continue to rise for women to meet daily demands of the home and work environment. Social scientists have re-focused their research efforts to identify what factors are critical in . . .

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship the family has with a child’s academic achievement. Inequality extant in school provides obstacles that cannot be explained only by economic or class issues and requires a focus on inequalit . . .

Rap and hip-hop provide a forum for marginalized populations to express and create their own unique identity. To further understand rap and the concept of identity, two local hip-hop groups were examined and observed for a period of three months. One . . .

The purpose of this mixed methods study is to understand how families are affected by the incarceration of their loved ones. This research uses 1) quantitative data to determine the level of family involvedness of incarcerated individuals across race . . .

It has been over 40 years since the Hmong have left their homeland to settle in the United States, as a result of the Vietnam War. This study compares the social mobility of the 1.5- and 2.0-generations of Hmong after their arrival to the United State . . .

This study explores the self-esteem among Slavic immigrants in the Greater Sacramento area. It examines the influences of ethnic identity, living arrangements, English fluency, and employment status on his/her self-esteem level. Self-esteem is affecte . . .

The present study explores the experiences of sixteen second generation Chicanas with racial and gender based microaggressions at Sacramento State. Microaggressions are subtle, covert, and often unconscious forms of discrimination that demean and/or i . . .

This research utilized data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) to examine the effect of discrimination on health among various sub-groups in the black population: African American and Afro-Caribbean women and men. The stress process mode . . .

Due to the severe lack of representation of Latino/a students in graduate programs, this study collected data from 190 undergraduate students at a 4-year Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI). Informed by the basic principles of Symbolic Interaction, thi . . .

Previous research has shown that faculty of color were challenged with racism and discrimination at universities, which influenced their productivity and satisfaction with their work. In addition, since there has been a decline in tenure track appoint . . .

Using standpoint framework this study explores first-hand experiences and reflections of university students with ADHD who received accommodations and services for at least one academic year while in high school. This qualitative research focuses on p . . .

Utilizing secondary data from the study, Rape Prevention through Bystander Education at a Northeastern State University, 2002-2004, the present study examined if rape myth acceptance is a predictor of perceived necessity for bystander intervention con . . .

This study examines fear of crime among public housing residents, with particular focus on which social factors best predict fear of crime levels, and how fear of crime may predict both mental and physical health. Previous fear of crime research has s . . .

Gendered rules and rituals are upheld and perpetuated in the workplace, which transcend into other realms of society where individuals take on gendered roles that they feel are expected of them, inevitably helping to maintain the gender hierarchy in s . . .

Community colleges continues to be a popular path into higher education for many aspiring students. This study attempts to analyze post-transfer academic outcomes for a cohort of community college students who enrolled during Fall 2012 at a public fou . . .

With the advent of the GamerGate movement, the sexual harassment of women in the video game industry and the community as a whole has gained increased mainstream attention. Despite the fact that women make up around half of the gaming community they h . . .

This research analyzes, deconstructs, and compares discrepancies in efficacy and legitimacy between non-majoritarian and White Identity Movements. This project analyzes reactions to and portrayals of Colin Kaepernick/BLM and Richard Spencer/the Alt-ri . . .

The purpose of this thesis was to replicate and expand the study by Thompson and Keith (2001), which showed that skin tone influenced American black adult’s self-concept differently by gender in that skin tone influenced women’s self-esteem and men’s . . .

Statement of Problem Among the states in America the legality of both medical marijuana use as well as recreational use are gaining popularity. As time goes on, marijuana use is becoming more common in movies. The way in which marijuana users are depi . . .