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- Creator:
- Marquez, Christina Maria
- Description:
- While there is a positive relationship between self-compassion and compassion toward others (Crocker & Canevello, 2008; Gilbert, McEwan, Matos, & Rivis, 2011), the extent of the relationship between the two variables has not often been investigated. Researchers have identified stressful life events and parenting behaviors as possible predictors of compassionate outcomes throughout development (Kelly & Dupasquier, 2016; Satici, Uysal, & Akin, 2015). A total of 266 (83.70% female) undergraduates (Mage = 23.62, SDage- 5.167) participated in an online study. Participants were asked to complete selfreport surveys specific to measuring stressful life events, recent experiences with positive parenting behaviors, and levels of compassion. It was predicted that positive parenting behaviors would mediate the relationship between stressful life events and compassionate outcomes. Replicating previous work and in support of the hypotheses, there was a positive relationship between compassion toward others and self-compassion, and compassion toward others and stressful life events were also positively correlated. Additionally, self-compassion was inversely correlated with stressful life events reported at 3 months and 12 months while the relationship between life events experienced at least once showed a positive association. The proposed mediation was partially supported such that the relationship between stressful life events at 12 months and compassionate outcomes was mediated by positive parenting behaviors. Specifically, more reports of positive parenting behavior from students who experienced higher rates of recent stressful life events were indicative of higher levels of compassion reported within the sample. Findings from this study provide implications for developmental interventions focused on expanding the capacity for compassion across the lifespan.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Francisco
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Gilbert, Brandilyn Judith
- Description:
- From victimization literature, it is known that victims are often selected because they display nonverbal signals that flag them as easy prey. With the established knowledge that bullies are driven by the urge to dominate, it stands to reason that nonverbal signals of submissiveness may flag individuals as ideal victims. This paper expands the bullying victimization literature by exploring the potential role of nonverbal behavior of victims, specifically their body posture. Participants watched video clips of groups with individuals posed in either dominant, neutral, or submissive posture. They wrote notes to specified actors and then made bullying victim selection judgments. The notes showed less supportive behavior toward male actors with submissive posture than toward those with neutral posture. Participants selected actors with submissive posture significantly more for victimization than actors with neutral or dominant posture. This finding was consistent for male and female groups, as well as for Asian and Caucasian groups. These findings suggest that submissive posture flags individuals for bullying and, for males, results in less supportiveness from peers.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Francisco
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Peters, Phillip E.
- Description:
- Previous literature has shown that parents of children with autism experience more stress compared to parents of children without autism, but little is known about factors that reduce such stress. Based on Baker-Erikzen et al. (2005) explanations of stress, the present study investigated associations between parental stress, advocacy skills, self-efficacy, social support, and service utilization in a sample of 38 mothers and 8 fathers who had a child with autism (Mean Age = 7.17, SD = 3.7). First, social support and selfefficacy were hypothesized to additively explain levels of stress. Additionally, service utilization was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between advocacy skills and stress. Results indicated that more parental stress was associated with fewer advocacy skills, less social support, lower self-efficacy, and lower service utilization. Unexpectedly, service utilization did not mediate the effect between advocacy skill and stress, and social support did not significantly add to a reduction of stress after self- efficacy was explained. In a hierarchical linear regression self-efficacy, advocacy, and service use each uniquely predicted parental stress. Implications illustrated additional support focusing on developing advocacy skills and accessing social support is needed.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Francisco
- Department:
- Psychology
4. Evidence for an emotion maintenance deficit in schizophrenia : implications for motivated behaviors
- Creator:
- Cooper, Shanna
- Description:
- A common symptom in schizophrenia is amotivation, which has been linked to lower quality of life and deficits in cognitive functioning. Currently, however, the underlying mechanisms of amotivation are not well understood. The present study investigates emotion maintenance, or the ability to maintain information from an emotional experience, as one potential mechanism of amotivation. Twenty-eight patients with schizophrenia and 19 healthy comparison subjects participated, as part of a larger ongoing study, in a laboratory-based computer task judging intensity of emotionally evocative stimuli after a delay. Following this emotion maintenance task, participants rated the emotional experience of each previously viewed stimulus individually. All participants completed analogous tasks judging brightness of neutral stimuli. Patients with schizophrenia also completed an additional visual working memory task and a series of clinical interviews. Findings indicate that, relative to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients have difficulty maintaining an emotional experience when explicitly instructed to do so, even when controlling for visual working memory. Maintaining an affective state is likely an integral part of goal-directed behavior, and deficits in this area may be a future target for treatment.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Francisco
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Mansoori-Rostam, Sara Michelle
- Description:
- The prevailing U.S. cultural narrative suggests that integration of dual ethnic minority and queer identities should result in greater psychological well-being (PWB). Queer theorists, however, propose that this population might benefit from compartmentalization of one of their conflicting identities, depending on social context. To provide an initial answer to which of these approaches might be more accurate, the present study examined the importance of ethnic and sexual identities and how harmonious these identities are perceived to be on PWB. Specifically, multiple regression analyses predicted PWB using (a) the Affirmation and Belonging subscale of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), (b) the Importance of Sexual Identity, using the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (CSES), (c) Identity Harmony, (d) MEIM x Identity Harmony interaction, (e) CSES x Identity Harmony interaction, (f) MEIM x CSES and (g) respondents’ sexual identities (as lesbians or gay men). Participants low in MEIM and CSES, but high on Identity Harmony showed greater PWB; those high in MEIM and CSES, but low on Identity Harmony also showed greater PWB. These patterns are inconsistent with an identity integration account of well-being, and more consistent with a compartmentalization account. Implications of these results for identity management are discussed.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Francisco
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Razavi Ghahfarokhi, Seyed Pooya
- Description:
- Loneliness is associated with cautious strategies, such as lack of self-disclosure, during social interactions—a tendency that is harmful for relationships. Importantly, there is a gap in the literature about the way lonely individuals communicate their emotions, a critical aspect of establishing and maintaining social connections. To address this, I investigated the link between loneliness and expressive suppression in three studies (N = 646) in which participants completed questionnaires (Study 1), imagined a social interaction (Study 2), and went through an experimental manipulation of loneliness (Study 3). Overall, I found that loneliness leads to more negative and less positive metaperceptions about emotional expressivity, which in turn lead to increased expressive suppression. Considering the negative social consequences of expressive suppression, these findings have important implications and can inform future loneliness interventions.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Francisco
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Castellanos, Stacy Michael
- Description:
- Gaydar is thought to be an ability of gay men to identify other gay men. Interestingly, a majority of gaydar research has focused on examining gaydar among straight individuals while limited research examines gaydar among gay-identified people. Given this gap in the literature, this study aimed to investigate gay men's ability to identify the faces of other gay men. Our sample consisted of 114 gay/queer-identified male participants recruited from TurkPrime. Participants categorized the sexual orientation of 42 photographic stimuli of both gay and straight-identified men. Results indicated that this sample of gay men was unable to correctly classify the gay male targets at above chance levels. Follow-up, exploratory correlational analyses indicated that social outness/chronological age and confidence in categorizations were related to gaydar accuracy, in unexpected and expected ways. Given these findings, gaydar may not exist by simply looking at one's face - even for gay men - and future researchers should consider extending gaydar research to examine dynamic social cues related to sexual orientation.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Francisco
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Romero, Kristopher Paul
- Description:
- Previous research on Internet recruitment has suggested that recruitment websites may influence organizational attraction and applicant job pursuit intention. The present study aimed to further explore this topic by assessing whether or not the amount of cultural values displayed on an organization’s recruitment website has any effect upon these two constructs. A between subjects experimental design was utilized in order to test this assumption. Participants were asked to review one of three Internet recruitment websites, each displaying a varying degree of cultural information. After thorough examination, participants were asked to complete a short survey designed to gather information regarding organizational attraction, job pursuit intention, and demographics. The study found no support for previous research findings as the experiment yielded insignificant results. Further explanation of the study and its implications for future research are discussed as well.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Francisco
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Wear, Hope Elizabeth
- Description:
- Game-based assessments (GBAs) are a new type of technologically-based assessment tool which allow for traditional selection concepts to be measured from gameplay behaviors (e.g., completing levels by following game rules). GBAs use game elements to create an immersive environment which changes how assessments are traditionally measured but retains the psychometric properties within the game to assess a variety of knowledge, skills and abilities. In this study we examined the validity of a GBA for use as a measure of RIASEC vocational interests from Holland (1985). Participants played the GBA as well as completed traditional measures of RIASEC interests. We compared the scores from participants for congruence across the different measures using a multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM). The results from this study will be used to provide validation evidence for the use of GBA as a method to measure vocational interests and to extend the RIASEC literature to the area of technological assessments.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Francisco
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Reyes, Zaviera Bonita
- Description:
- While the factors are numerous, the mechanisms associated with the capacity for successful outcomes despite challenging circumstances (i.e., resilience) remain underexplored. One proposed mechanism is self-talk. Self-talk is a cognitive process that serves important regulatory functions and is proposed to be influenced by individual’s dispositional sensitivities to cues of reward and punishment. The role of self-talk in the relationship between approach (BAS) and avoidance (BIS) predicting resilient outcomes was examined across three studies with either a recalled or actual stressor. In Study 1, adults use of less reassuring and greater persecuting self-talk mediated the relationship between avoidance motivation (i.e., BIS) and less resilience while the use of greater reassuring self-talk mediated the relationship between approach motivation (i.e., BAS drive and BAS funseeking) and greater resilience. In Study 2, the relationship between BAS drive was replicated in students; yet, BIS predicted less resilience mediated only through the use of less reassuring self-talk. In Study 3, the relationship between BIS and less resilience was replicated from Study 2. Students’ use of motivational, positive, and reassuring self-talk was associated with greater resilient outcomes whereas the use of critical self-talk styles were associated with greater negative emotions pre-stressor, less resilience, greater anxiety, and less positive emotions following an actual stressor. Neither motivation nor resilience correlated with students’ performance scores but inadequate self-talk was associated with higher scores on the actual stressor. Implications for the function of self-talk in a college setting are discussed.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Francisco
- Department:
- Psychology