Through a comparative case study between two low-income elementary schools this study explored the influences of future-focused or college-bound cultures on low-income students’ perceptions of and aspirations toward college and career pathways. Both s . . .

The role of the leader in any organization is critical, but there has never been a more pivotal time than now as 21st century leaders prepare students for the future. The intersection of school culture and change leadership has been studied extensivel . . .

California has a history of bilingual education, but once that was eliminated with Proposition 227 in 1998, dual language education programs took its place. Dual Language Education programs are the teaching of academic content in two different languag . . .

Leadership skills continue to be a priority for the economy, therefore it is imperative for colleges and universities to meet this demand by developing leadership skills in their students. Although concepts of leadership have been explored throughout . . .

In 2013, California adopted the Next Generation Science Standards for California Public Schools, Kindergarten through Grade Twelve (CA NGSS), which set the stage for how science should be taught in every school throughout the state. Since the NGSS rep . . .

Numerous studies have found that students of color are often subject to teacher biases or negative preconceptions. These biases often result in barriers and limitations that negatively impact students’ academic achievement and social and emotional dev . . .

The United States is a diverse nation, and it is projected that over the next few decades, Whites will no longer be the majority. In fact, the Hispanic population is growing, and this change in the country’s racial and ethnic demographics will impact . . .

The College Board’s Advanced Placement (AP) courses are among the most academically demanding classes available to secondary school students. There exists a strong correlation between AP access and success in high school and college completion. Howeve . . .

In 2008-2009, nearly one million children experiencing homelessness were enrolled in school. In 2012, over 1.5 million children were identified as homeless. In a 2013 U. S. Census report, 2.5 million children were identified as homeless in America. Th . . .

Special education teachers are in high demand and greatly needed to meet the needs of the growing population of students qualified for special education services under the Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 2004. The increasing attri . . .

Preparing more students for success in college, career, and civic life is of critical importance, particularly for traditionally underserved students. Improvement science represents promising ideas and practices for how to achieve greater outcomes for . . .

From the Effective Schools Movement in the 1980s to the recent adoption of Common Core State Standards by most of the states in the United States, educational leaders have sought to find ways to raise the achievement levels of all students. Common Cor . . .

There is a significant cultural gap between white educators and ethnic and linguistic minority students in our nation’s school system. The face of our nation’s school children is changing as the United States becomes more and more racially, ethnically . . .

Studies have sounded the alarm concerning the impending void of leadership that community colleges will face in the 21st century. One concern is that the pool of applicants from the traditional leadership pathway of existing community college faculty . . .

Increased awareness of the school readiness gap, particularly for students from ethnic and linguistically diverse backgrounds, has led policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to examine the quality of language and literacy experiences of low inc . . .

In 2005-2006, close to one million homeless children in our nation faced unprecedented challenges trying to access and succeed in public schools. Fortunately, legislation was enacted to support this special needs population. The types of support menti . . .

Students that have been designated English Language Learners for five or more years are Long-Term English Learners. The literature review addresses some typical characteristics and experiences of students that are Long-Term English Language Learners, . . .

In answer to the call for diversity, the American Library Association (ALA) made a commitment to recruit underrepresented minority individuals into the field oflibrarianship. However, retention and promotion of underrepresented minority librarians is . . .

A body of research suggests that human capital—educators’ and employees’ training, education, and experience—is a key factor in school improvement efforts. Social capital, which may be defined as relations that can be mobilized to facilitate action, i . . .

While bullying has been prevalent in public schools for generations, the increased media attention to cases of suicide or homicide have thrust this epidemic into the spotlight. Bullying has become a student health and safety issue, as schools and lawm . . .

In 2008-2009, almost one million children experiencing homelessness were enrolled in school; this number has increased by 41% between 2009 and 2011. Unfortunately, this trend has continued to increase; according to the most recent data from the Nation . . .

For the past two decades, the mathematical achievement of American students has been a major concern. Students in traditionally marginalized communities often are affected more and perform less proficient in mathematics due to issues related to teache . . .

The economic recession that began in 2008 is the most significant downturn in the economy since the Great Depression. Cuts to public higher education the last three years in a large, western state have been over $2 billion, with an additional $1.5 bil . . .

A growing collaboration between psychologists, neuroscientists, and educators has culminated in the emergence of a new academic discipline known as Mind, Brain and Education (MBE). MBE differs from previous efforts, such as educational neuroscience, i . . .

There is a significant achievement gap for Latina/o students, evidenced by low rates of high school graduation and enrollment in post-secondary education. This dissertation summarizes literature on factors that promote academic success for Latina/o st . . .

The California State University system recently announced a long-term Graduation Initiative to increase the six-year graduation rate by 8%. As a result, close attention is being focused on ways to retain students at risk of leaving the university prio . . .

A growing body of literature on effective leadership styles has emerged as 21st century leaders face higher student expectations, more demands on teachers and lack of support from the public. An examination of the effects of transactional and transfor . . .

This study looks at a culture within a culture focusing on military dependent high school students at risk of not completing high school, what occurs when the psychosocial stressors due to high mobility and other family dynamics impact adolescent chil . . .

Self-compassion has been shown to bolster resilience (Leary, Tate, Adams, Batts Allen, & Hancock, 2007), intrinsic motivation (Neff, Hseih, & Dejitthirat, 2005), and a general sense of well-being (Arimitsu & Hofman, 2015) as students cope . . .

Since the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) era many program improvement schools were prescribed Professional Learning Communities (PLC) professional development as a corrective action by their respective Local Education Agency (LEA). Despite the adoption a . . .

Although significant gains have been made in recent years with regard to increasing access to higher education for African Americans, with 38.4% of Black 18 to 24 year-olds enrolled in college as of 2016 compared to just 25.4% in 1990, completion rate . . .

Large studies of the 13 southern United States and California reveal an issue of equity and project far-reaching social consequences. Disciplinary disproportionality has affected the way students of color interact with the public-school system by hist . . .

Opportunities for deep, sustained organizational change exist when teachers are included in the conception and implementation of the reform model. Yet top down, hierarchical systems push teachers farther away from this process instead of drawing them . . .

Despite numerous education reform efforts, national academic achievement data continues to reflect a marked disparity between culturally and linguistically diverse students and their white counterparts. Currently, 50% of K-12 public school students ar . . .

Much research has been done on student performance in K-12 and higher education, but historically adult students enrolled in Adult Basic and Secondary Education (ABE/ASE) programs have received little attention from educational researchers. With over . . .

For first-generation college-going students, education is an opportunity to break out of their inherited socioeconomic status. Though this resource is available to first-generation college students, they are not accessing postsecondary opportunities a . . .

Restorative justice (RJ) and restorative practices (RP) are an emerging field of study in the United States. With origins derived from indigenous practices, RJ was adopted by the juvenile justice system during the 1970’s, and is within the last decade . . .

Collaboration between teachers and teacher librarians (TLs) faces fundamental challenges in the high school setting. Studies of professional library organizations have suggested that collaborations between teachers and TLs are effective in improving s . . .

Restorative justice is an emerging topic related to college student behavioral issues and offers a personal behavior alternative strategy. It is used predominantly to address crime, misconduct, and injustices in criminal justice, K-12 education, and h . . .

It is difficult to find equity among the faculty in institutions of higher education across the nation. In colleges and universities throughout the United States, there is an increased reliance on faculty whose working conditions are often inconsisten . . .

The educational field is riddled with ineffective top-down reform initiatives that have failed to address disparities in student learning outcomes for disadvantaged students. Over the past century, three successive waves of educational reform have sit . . .

Undocumented Latinx students are currently one of the most disenfranchised racial/ethnic groups in the United States. As demography reaches critical mass levels in many states, visibility has triggered new economic and policy imperatives. The Latinx p . . .

Since the 1970s there has been a growing legislative focus, in the United States and abroad, on providing inclusive education for students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment alongside their typical peers. However, this shift in pol . . .

Since California’s adoption of the Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) and Local Control Accountability Plan (LCAP) in 2013, K–12 school districts have been given more autonomy in setting funding priorities and enacting policies through actions and s . . .

Undermatching refers to college ready students who select and enroll in colleges with selectivity levels significantly lower than their academic profile, resulting in attending a non-competitive college, a two-year college, or foregoing applying to co . . .

Current English language teaching research in Mexico has shown that junior high school students are not learning English and that English teachers lack linguistic and pedagogical skills to teach the language. Research has evidenced system-wide factors . . .

Many students aspire to continue their educational journey, but far too many enter college without the basic content knowledge, skills, or habits of mind needed to succeed. Research on college readiness indicates the significant role mathematics achie . . .

Young elementary students know what they want as learners, and they are fully capable and able to lead in contexts where adults are typically the leader – in classrooms and in research. The purpose of this case study was to explore whether and how pro . . .

For today’s student, learning is not limited to the classroom or the afterschool program, but rather happens across a variety of settings and through a seamless flow of practices from morning to night. The increasingly ubiquitous availability and acce . . .

As online education expands in prominence and acceptance, the higher education sector will continue to experience a paradigm shift altering long-held institutional traditions. In 2012, over 7.1 million college students enrolled in at least one online . . .