Environmental temperature is a crucial environmental factor that influences many physiological functions in fishes. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are a native anadromous species that inhabit a variety of freshwater rivers and lakes and are widel . . .

To better understand the neural mechanisms for human physiology, an invertebrate’s control on its cardiovascular system should be investigated. The leech’s heartbeat is controlled by segmental ganglia and has a phase delay in its peristaltic heartbeat . . .

Chronic non-healing wounds are a growing clinical burden, impacting 6.5 million patients in the United States alone (Sen et al., 2009). A variety of cells take part in the complex process of wound healing, which includes stages such as inflammation, r . . .

San Clemente Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi) have been bred in captivity since 1991 following their listing as an endangered subspecies in 1977. For 25 years, breeding of this captive population has been managed to avoid inbreeding us . . .

Wetland ecosystems are among the most biologically productive ecosystems on Earth, yet they are being lost and degraded at an alarming rate. A growing trend to offset this loss is to construct artificial wetlands to replace the destroyed natural wetla . . .

DNA storage in the nuclei of cells is important for both compaction and the regulation of gene expression. DNA packaging is altered by chemical modifications to the tails of the histone octamer around which the DNA is wrapped, specifically histones H3 . . .

The ability to understand the neurophysiological mechanisms that influence any behavior to occur in an organism is the ultimate goal of neurobiology. Neuroscience researchers want to create a neuronal model of the human brain to know how we can produc . . .

Paralemanea is a freshwater red alga genus in the family Lemaneaceae, of which Paralemanea catenata is a member. The cues by which it regulates its triphasic sexual life history are not well known, either in terms of environmental stimuli or mechanism . . .

In 2011 Mars et. al. proposed a novel approach to identifying three different subspecies within European waters of Ulva flexuosa, (subsp. pilifera, paradoxa, and flexuosa). Their use of morphological and molecular techniques to separate each subspecie . . .

Often the first step in petitioning for a species to be listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), or for evaluating management alternatives, is to conduct a population viability analysis (PVA). A PVA is a case-by-case risk analysis used to assess . . .