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- Creator:
- Dunstan Beattie, Dee
- Description:
- Purpose of the Study: The Pawnee Star Chart is a relic of the Pawnee tribe, Skiri band, once successful inhabitants of the Central Plains of North America until 19th century pressures forced abandon-of former lifeways. The Skiri had been reknowned for an elaborate ceremonial religious system loosely described as star worship. The Chart is oval, painted on skin, 38 X 56 cm in dimension. Date of execution of execution is unknown. Native identification of stars on the Chart is somewhat mythologized but to a later investigator the Chart is only a partial illustration of either the known fragments of Skiri mythology or the actual sky. The purpose of this study is to investigate the notion that the Chart may be a more realistic portrayal of the actual sky than previously suggested. Procedure: To determine possible relationships between Chart and Sky, this study has used positional astronomy's WHAT/WHERE/WHEN by comparing Chart with contemporary star maps (inverted east-west for consistency with Chart's mirror-image of Sky). underlying this comparison are considerations of the non-scientific observer as painter. Findings: Features on Chart are found to be virtually congruent with the most prominent features of Sky once Chart shape and sequences of execution are considered. (WHAT/WHERE). Quadrant placement and several other features strongly suggest WHEN factors, to be discussed in a subsequent study. Conclusion: Close positional similarities between Chart and Sky suggest that the painter was both a persistent observer of Sky and a practiced copier of spatial relationships.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Roche, Karina
- Description:
- Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this research is to reveal the depth of knowledge, expertise, and involvement women had in medicine and physical health throughout early modern England with a particular emphasis on midwifery and herbal medicine. Despite limited opportunity due to the professionalization of medicine, women took to writing and publishing cookbooks in the eighteenth-century to convey their knowledge and expertise of physical health. Procedure: A series of data tables were constructed to provide a thorough analysis of original documents from 1550-1800. Appendix A lists books and manuals authored predominantly by men who wrote on subjects pertaining to women, medicine, and midwifery. Appendix B lists books and manuals published in the 1800’s by women or anonymous authors believed to be women who wrote on cookery, medicine, and physick. Appendix C is a comprehensive list of the identified female authors from my research who produced cookbooks that contained medicinal receipts. Appendix D lists the most frequently used ingredients in the medicinal receipts listed within the cookbooks. My research serves as an analysis of the quantitative data built to reflect the purpose of this study. Findings: England’s printed materials on women, midwifery, and medicine from 1548-1700 were predominantly written by men. The knowledge women possessed on similar matters became evident by the early 1700’s with the publication of cookbooks, which became the domestic avenue many women took to voice their knowledge and expertise of herbal medicine and physical health. The latter half of the eighteenth-century saw a notable increase of publications and numerous editions. The majority of female authors wrote their own medicinal remedies for numerous physical ailments in men, women, and children. Conclusions: Because women’s medicinal knowledge was contained within cookbooks, women were able to assert their own authority regarding medicine and physical health in the realm of domesticity without the otherwise limiting constraints existing in professionalized medicine. By analyzing copious books and manuals printed in England from 1548-1800, it became evident that women continued to practice midwifery, share knowledge of medicine, and sustained a voice in matters concerning physical health regardless of the limitations placed upon them.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Farnham, April L.
- Description:
- The purpose of this thesis is to explore the ways in which working-class Kānaka Hawai’i (Hawaiian) immigrants in the nineteenth century repurposed and repackaged precontact Hawai’i strategies of accommodation and resistance in their migration towards North America and particularly within California. The arrival of European naturalists, American missionaries, and foreign merchants in the Hawaiian Islands is frequently attributed for triggering this diaspora. However, little has been written about why Hawaiian immigrants themselves chose to migrate eastward across the Pacific or their reasons for permanent settlement in California. Like the ali’i on the Islands, Hawaiian commoners in the diaspora exercised agency in their accommodation and resistance to Pacific imperialism and colonialism as well. Blending labor history, religious history, and anthropology, this thesis adopts an interdisciplinary and ethnohistorical approach that utilizes Hawaiian-language newspapers, American missionary letters, and oral histories from California’s indigenous peoples. I argue that precontact strategies were critical to preserving and holding onto an ethnic Hawaiian identity in encounters with merchants, missionaries, and indigenous peoples in California throughout the 1800s.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Jaroslovsky, Alan
- Description:
- Intended mainly as a vehicle for rehabilitating draft evaders after the Vietnam War, the Presidential Clemency Board (“PCB”) was largely an orphan of the Ford presidency. Created in the wake of the Nixon pardon as an unpopular compromise between those who opposed any sort of clemency and those who urged a general amnesty, the PCB was plagued by attacks from both the right and the left, internal dissent, and numerous administrative difficulties. Little has been written about the PCB in the four decades since it concluded its work, and those historians who have evaluated it have reached the conclusion that it was largely unsuccessful. Using recently-available records and notes of Ford’s advisors and PCB participants, this thesis will demonstrate that while the PCB did little to accomplish its stated goal of “healing the nation” and was boycotted by the draft evaders who were its primary intended beneficiaries, it was nonetheless a bureaucratic achievement of some note and an incidental success for its least important beneficiaries, common soldiers who had been cast aside by American society.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Department:
- History