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- Creator:
- Tenn, Joseph S.
- Description:
- Imagine a contest to choose an ideal role model for amateur astronomers, say someone who rose from poor, self-taught amateur to the very top rank of professionals. The winner would probably be William Herschel, the 18th century musician from Hanover who became court astronomer to Britain's King George III after discovering the planet Uranus with his homemade telescope. Herschel went on to found stellar astronomy and make the first maps of the Milky Way.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Tenn, Joseph S.
- Description:
- Radioactivity was discovered in the 1890s. When the mysterious new radiation was placed in a magnetic field, it was found to be of three different types. One was bent to the left by the field, one to the right, and the third was unaffected. They were named alpha, beta, and gamma respectively.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Tenn, Joseph S.
- Description:
- In 1884 recent graduate H.H. Turner was continuing his studies in mathematics as a Fellow of Trinity College at Cambridge University. One of his examiners was Astronomer Royal William H.M. Christie, who had recently taken over the Royal Observatory at Greenwich and was anxious to modernize that staid institution. Christie offered the 23-year-old mathematician a job as his Chief Assistant, so Turner became an astronomer.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Tenn, Joseph S.
- Description:
- Minor planets (asteroids) have been much in the news lately, while clusters of galaxies and the structure of the interstellar medium are among the hottest topics of astronomical research. All three of these fields owe much to Max Wolf. Five years younger than Edward E. Barnard and five years older than George E. Hale, Wolf combined Hale's self-confidence and initiative with Barnard's persistence.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Tenn, Joseph S.
- Description:
- Often in the history of astronomy, chance meetings have changed lives. Readers of this series may recall the fruitful collaboration between Jacobus C. Kapteyn, "the astronomer without a telescope" at the University of Groningen, and David Gill, her Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape of Good Hope (September/October 1991, p. 145; May/June 1990, p.84). Gill photographed the southern sky from Cape Town, Kapteyn did the measurement analysis in Holland.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Sullins, John P.
- Description:
- A technology is used ethically when it is intelligently controlled to further a moral good. So we can easily extrapolate that the ethical use of telerobotic weapons technology occurs only when that technology is intelligently controlled and advances a moral action. This paper deals with the first half of the conjunction; can telerobotic weapons systems be intelligently controlled? At the present time it is doubtful that these conditions are being met, I suggest some ways in which this situation could be improved.
- Resource Type:
- Presentation
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Sullins, John P.
- Description:
- The author argues that in certain circumstances robots can be seen as real moral agents. A distinction is made between persons and moral agents such that, it is not necessary for a robot to have personhood in order to be a moral agent. I detail three requirements for a robot to be seen as a moral agent. The first is achieved when the robot is significantly autonomous from any programmers or operators of the machine. The second is when one can analyze or explain the robot’s behavior only by ascribing to it some predisposition or ‘intention’ to do good or harm. And finally, robot moral agency requires the robot to behave in a way that shows and understanding of responsibility to some other moral agent. Robots with all of these criteria will have moral rights as well as responsibilities regardless of their status as persons.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 1614-1687
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Sullins, John P.
- Description:
- Artificial Life (ALife) has two goals. One attempts to describe fundamental qualities of living systems through agent based computer models. And the second studies whether or not we can artificially create living things in computational mediums that can be realized either virtually in software or through biotechnology. The study of ALife has recently branched into two further subdivisions, one is ‘dry’ ALife, which is the study of living systems ‘in silico’ through the use of computer simulations, and the other is ‘wet’ ALife that uses biological material to realize what has only been simulated on computers; effectively wet ALife uses biological material as a kind of computer. This is challenging to the field of computer ethics as it points towards a future in which computer and bioethics might have shared concerns. The emerging studies into wet ALife are likely to provide strong empirical evidence for A Life’s most challenging hypothesis: that life is a certain set of computable functions that can be duplicated in any medium. I believe this will propel ALife into the midst of the mother of all cultural battles that has been gathering around the emergence of biotechnology. Philosophers need to pay close attention to this debate and can serve a vital role in clarifying and resolving the dispute. But even if Life is merely a computer modeling technique that sheds light on living systems, it still has a number of significant ethical implications such as its use in the modeling of moral and ethical systems, as well as in the creation of artificial moral agents.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 1388-1957
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Sullins, John P.
- Description:
- This paper will present the argument that the ethical status of autonomous robots, both as ethical agents and objects of ethical consideration, will be based on, but not identical to, the ethical status of their makers, operators, and those people and other machines that will interact with them.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Sullins, John P.
- Description:
- Roboethics is the new field emerging around the rapid advances in robotics. How are we to program machines that are to interact with people in social settings? How can we make these machines behave ethically and in a manner sensitive to the humans they interact with. This talk will survey the current thoughts on this subject looking at the roboethics movements and initiatives in the EU, Korea and Japan and the surprising lack of Roboethics research found in America.
- Resource Type:
- Video
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Sullins, John P.
- Description:
- The study of Robotics was once the exclusive realm of elite research universities and corporations. The costs and logistics of building, programming, and maintaining a robotics platform in past generations were too high for the hobbyist or independent researcher. Over the last decade this has radically changed. Amateur robotics clubs are thriving, and knowledge generated by the robotics and AI research projects of the past, is now converging with the home and amateur robotics movement through inexpensive robotics platforms such as the Lego® Mindstorms™kits. In addition to this, robot fighting leagues have also become very popular wherein participant build ingenious machines of destruction, which they operate via telerobotics in mock gladiatorial combat. The convergence of high-tech expertise with the home and amateur user presents a fascinating case study of the successful introduction of AI technologies into our everyday lives. We will look at how home users and hobbyists are creatively reshaping AI technology and identify the social values that are impacting, and being impacted by, the development of the home robotics community. In this paper I will review some of the recent developments in the home robotics movement that point towards greater collaborative research in robotics across cultures and between professional and hobbyist.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 1832-3669
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Lear, Marjorie, Springmier, Kaitlin, and Smith, Hilary
- Description:
- At Sonoma State University, information literacy is embedded throughout the General Education (GE) learning outcomes. However, too often a student’s work shows that they struggle to deeply engage with information they find. The skills gap between finding, analyzing, and incorporating information could be attributed to a number of factors: a crowded information landscape, students’ perception of research, lack of preparation, or a neglect to address skills in the classroom. This poster presents preliminary findings on how freshmen conceptualize and conduct research, as well as challenges they encounter in their first year.
- Resource Type:
- Poster
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Springmier, Kaitlin, Smith, Hilary, and Lear, Marjorie
- Description:
- At Sonoma State University, information literacy is embedded throughout the General Education (GE) learning outcomes. However, too often a student’s work shows that they struggle to deeply engage with information they find. The skills gap between finding, analyzing, and incorporating information could be attributed to a number of factors: a crowded information landscape, students’ perception of research, lack of preparation, or a neglect to address skills in the classroom. This poster presents preliminary findings on how freshmen conceptualize and conduct research, as well as challenges they encounter in their first year.
- Resource Type:
- Poster
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Rohwedder, Rocky
- Description:
- From virtual field trips to simulation of complex ecosystems, computer-aided education offers the environmental educator a whole new world of extremely powerful tools. Although still in the exploratory phase, two basic technologies—interactive multimedia and on-line learning—show tremendous promise for enhancing the effectiveness of both environmental education and communication.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Schatz, Scott, Trzyna, Wendy, Cometa, Ivan, and Rogerson, Andrew
- Description:
- Amoebae feed on attached bacteria within, and below, bacterial biofilms where they experience reduced oxygen levels. The implications of this were examined by comparing the migration (an index of growth) of thirteen strains of Acanthamoeba and five species of naked amoebae grown under microaerophilic and aerobic conditions. All amoebae replicated well under both conditions and twelve isolates migrated significantly faster under low oxygen. Only one isolate, Vannella sp., migrated further (presumably grew faster) under aerobic conditions. The data show most amoebae prefer low oxygen as befits the biofilm habitat. Interestingly, the eleven acanthamoeba strains that replicated faster under microaerophilic conditions were all T4 genotypes and included four strains isolated from patients with amoeba keratitis (AK) infections. This genotype is most frequently found in AK cases and it is suggested that strains of Acanthamoeba capable rapid growth in a biofilm of a poorly cleansed contact lens may be an important factor in the development of an effective infective dose when placed on the cornea.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0065-1583
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Rogerson, Andrew, Mbugua, M.W., and Trzyna, W.C.
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Acanthamoeba in the domestic water supply in Huntington, West Virginia (U.S.A.) and the factors that may contribute to their presence or absence. One hundred sixty-two one liter tap water samples were collected over eight months. Amoebae in the samples (cysts or trophozoites) were harvested by passively filtering onto 5 µm pore size filters and enriching for amoebae on non-nutrient amoeba saline agar plates seeded with Escherichia coli for cultivation. Thirteen percent of all samples were positive for amoebae and 9.3% were positive for the amoeba of interest, Acanthamoeba. Chlorine levels were determined for samples at the time of collection, yielding a mean level of 1.56 mg 1^(-1) chlorine in the distribution system ca. 8 kilometers from the water treatment plant. Cysts and trophozoites of Acanthamoeba clonal isolates were found to tolerate up to 50 mg 1^(-1) and 4 mg 1^(-1) chlorine respectively. This study showed that Acanthamoeba were present in the domestic water supply in Huntington, WV and although no attempt was made to count cells in liter samples, their frequency of occurrence (9.3%) and failure to be present in all replicates, suggests they were present at background levels of perhaps a few cells per five liters. This is only the second U.S. study to consider amoebae in tap water and is unique since the source water was river water. Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts were able to withstand levels of chlorine higher than those typically found in tap water suggesting they may be present in either form in the distribution system. Acanthamoeba are opportunistic pathogens capable of causing eye infections and their presence in tap water is a potential risk factor for susceptible individuals, particularly contact lens wearers who may use tap water to clean lenses and storage cases.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0065-1583
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Maybruck, Brian T. and Rogerson, Andrew
- Description:
- Despite the importance of understanding carbon flow in mangrove systems, relatively little research has focused on the grazing protozoan populations inhabiting these sensitive areas. A conspicuous feature of the mangrove tree is the array of emergent aerial roots that are covered in epibiont film. This study is the first to consider the numbers of protozoa inhabiting this dense surface film layer. No obvious temporal pattern was detected throughout a one year sampling program; numbers of protozoa were variable between sampling events but always abundant. Heterotrophic flagellates averaged 2.7 x 10^3 g^- 1 dry film, amoebae were the next most abundant group at 7.7 x 10^3 g^- 1 dry wt and ciliates averaged 4.8 x 10^3 g^- 1 dry wt. In this non -limited substrate environment, bacteria were numerous averaging 6.9 x 10^9 cells g^ -1 dry wt as were the other possible prey items, the cyanobacteria (9.8 x 10^6 cells g^- 1 dry wt) and pennate diatoms ( 2.4 x 10^6 cells g ^-1 dry wt). It was estimated that the combined protozoan population was only removing about 3% of bacteria carbon d 1, suggesting that micrograzers are not major regulators of bacterial carbon in this specialized habitat. Some preliminary trials comparing the growth of protozoa (as generation time) on tightly and loosely associated bacteria suggest that amoebae are more capable of removing tightly-associated bacteria than the other micrograzers. Since these attached bacteria are likely to be involved in the degradation of mangrove carbon, this observation suggests a possible important ecological role for amoebae in the film community.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 1680-0826
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Robinson, Robert (Skip)
- Description:
- A book of memoirs, poetry, and personal essays about deep-rooted conflict and a fundamental yearning for peace.
- Resource Type:
- Book
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Robinson, Robert (Skip) and Warmoth, Art
- Description:
- Sonoma State University Community-Campus Initiative on the Sonoma County Health Care Crisis in partnership with the California Program on Access to Care, the California Policy Research Center, and the University of California Office of the President. Academic Proceedings – SSU Cooperage Conference March 2007 This material is accessible via a link from this record.
- Resource Type:
- Report
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Robinson, Robert (Skip)
- Description:
- This is a brief informal case study exploring thoughts about one SSU Psychology 303 section during the mid-2000s. The case study is accessible via a link from this record.
- Resource Type:
- Other
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Kozyrakis, C., Economou, D., Ranganathan, P., and Rivoire, Suzanne
- Description:
- The increasing costs of power delivery and cooling, as well as the trend toward higher-density computer systems, have created a growing demand for better power management in server environments. Despite the increasing interest in this issue, little work has been done in quantitatively understanding power consumption trends and developing simple yet accurate models to predict full-system power. We study the component-level power breakdown and variation, as well as temporal workload-specific power consumption of an instrumented power-optimized blade server. Using this analysis, we examine the validity of prior adhoc approaches to understanding power breakdown and quantify several interesting trends important for power modeling and management in the future. We also introduce Mantis, a nonintrusive method for modeling full-system power consumption and providing real-time power prediction. Mantis uses a onetime calibration phase to generate a model by correlating AC power measurements with user-level system utilization metrics. We experimentally validate the model on two server systems with drastically different power footprints and characteristics (a low-end blade and high-end compute-optimized server) using a variety of workloads. Mantis provides power estimates with high accuracy for both overall and temporal power consumption, making it a valuable tool for power-aware scheduling and analysis.
- Resource Type:
- Presentation
- Identifier:
- 0884-7495
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Shah, M. A., Kozyrakis, C., Rivoire, Suzanne, Ranganathan, P., and Meza, J.
- Description:
- Power consumption and energy efficiency are important factors in the initial design and day-to-day management of computer systems.Researchers and system designers need benchmarks that characterize energy efficiency to evaluate systems and identify promising new technologies.To predict the effects of new designs and configurations, they also need accurate methods of modeling power consumption.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0018-9162
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Keys, L., Davis, John D., and Rivoire, Suzanne
- Description:
- This paper conducts a survey of several small clusters of machines in search of the most energy-efficient data center building block targeting data-intensive computing. We first evaluate the performance and power of single machines from the embedded, mobile, desktop, and server spaces. From this group, we narrow our choices to three system types. We build fivenode homogeneous clusters of each type and run Dryad, a distributed execution engine, with a collection of dataintensive workloads to measure the energy consumption per task on each cluster. For this collection of dataintensive workloads, our high-end mobile-class system was, on average, 80% more energy-efficient than a cluster with embedded processors and at least 300% more energy-efficient than a cluster with low-power server processors.
- Resource Type:
- Presentation
- Identifier:
- 0884-7495
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Goldszmidt, Moises, Davis, John D., Rivoire, Suzanne, and Ardestani, Ehsan K.
- Description:
- Studying the energy efficiency of large-scale computer systems requires models of the relationship between resource utilization and power consumption. Prior work on power modeling assumes that models built for a single node will scale to larger groups of machines. However, we find that inter-node variability in homogeneous clusters leads to substantially different single-node models. Furthermore, these models have much higher error when scaled to the cluster level than models built using multiple nodes. We report on inter-node variation for model feature selection and model training for four homogeneous five-node clusters using embedded, laptop, desktop, and server processors. These results demonstrate the need to sample multiple machines in order to produce accurate cluster models. Furthermore, we determine the necessary sample size for the machines and applications in this study by applying a theoretical worst-case error bound based on the mean power interval across the cluster.
- Resource Type:
- Presentation
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Dahlhoff, E. P., Rank, Nathan E., Stoneking, R., Fearnley, S. L., McMillan, D. M., Bruce, D. A., Smiley, John T., Deiner, Kristy, and Gibbs, A. G.
- Description:
- Understanding how climate change impacts natural systems requires investigations of the effects of environmental variation on vulnerable species and documentation of how populations respond to change. The willow beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis is ideal for such studies. It lives in California’s Sierra Nevada on the southern edge of its worldwide range. Beetles experience elevated air temperatures during summertime egg laying and larval development. Exposure to these temperatures causes physiological stress, which may reduce reproductive success and endanger populations. The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a marker of temperature adaptation in C. aeneicollis. PGI allele frequency varies across a latitudinal gradient: allele 1 is common in Rock Creek (RC), which is cooler and to the north, and allele 4 is common in Big Pine Creek (BPC), which is warmer and to the south. In populations that are intermediate in geography and climate (e.g., Bishop Creek [BC]), PGI-4 frequency increases from north to south such that alleles 1 and 4 are in relatively equal frequency in southern BC. Over the past decade, Sierra Nevada beetle populations have colonized high elevations and have become extinct at lower elevations where they were once common. In BC, the magnitude of PGI allele frequency fluctuations among lifehistory stages is related to maximal air temperature, with the frequency of PGI-4 increasing after the hottest part of summer. To identify mechanisms that may cause shifts in PGI allele frequency, we measured metabolic rate and fecundity for beetles collected at BC. Metabolic rate of males and females was measured at 20_ and 36_C using flow-through respirometry. To measure laboratory fecundity, mating pairs were acclimated for 4 h each afternoon at a control temperature (20_C) or at mildly elevated temperatures (26_ or 32_C) and number of eggs laid was counted daily for 24 d, after which tissue levels of 70-kD heat shock proteins (Hsp70) were determined. Previous studies had demonstrated differences in Hsp70 expression among PGI genotypes at these temperatures. To measure field fecundity, mating pairs from BC were transplanted to similar elevations in BPC, BC, and RC and were monitored in situ for 24 d. Metabolic rate was higher for PGI 4-4 genotypes than for PGI 1-4 or PGI 1-1 individuals at 36_C but not at 20_C. In contrast, laboratory fecundity was greatest for females possessing PGI- 1, independent of acclimation temperature. At the end of the laboratory fecundity experiment, Hsp70 expression was positively related to fecundity, suggesting minimal reproductive cost of upregulation of heat shock proteins in response to mild heat stress. In the field, fecundity was highest for PGI 1-1 and PGI 1-4 individuals in RC and PGI 4-4 individuals in BPC and was similar for all genotypes in BC. Thus, fecundity in nature was greatest for the genotypes that were most common in each area. Taken together, data reported here suggest that hot, dry summers in the Sierra Nevada may result in an increase in frequency of the PGI-4 allele and shifts to higher elevations for C. aeneicollis populations.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Muller, F., Smiley, John T., Rank, Nathan E., Sears, A. L. W., and Hilker, M.
- Description:
- The food web of Symmorphus cristatus wasps, leaf beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and willow (Salix spp.) trees is a model system for studying the chemical ecology of plant, herbivore and predator interactions. However, little is known about the natural history and prey use of the predatory wasps. We conducted detailed observations of nesting behavior and quantified time allocation to nest building activities in Big Pine Creek in the eastern Sierra of California. Symmorphus cristatus exhibits aggressive territorial behavior over nesting and mating sites, but does not respond aggressively to kleptoparasitism by cuckoo wasps Chrysis nitidula. We also compared prey use, nest provisioning and nest architecture of wasps at Big Pine Creek and at Sebastopol, near the central California coast. Using trap-nests we identified two new prey species for S. cristatus at Sebastopol: Plagiodera califomica and Chrysomela schaefferi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). There were significant differences in nest architecture for the two allopatric wasp populations and, although they do not use the same prey species, populations did not differ in the mean mass of prey provided for each offspring. Five other cavity-dwelling insect species pre-empted nest sites in Sebastopol. Prey species in Sebastopol differ in the chemistry of their larval secretion. The main component of C. schaeffersi ecretion is salicylaldehyde, which is derived from the willow host plants. Plagiodera califomica secretion contains ( epi) plagiolactone, an autogenously produced monoterpene-based defensive secretion. This is the first evidence that S. cristatus uses prey larvae that possess a monoterpene-based secretion.
- Resource Type:
- Preprint
- Identifier:
- 0003-0031
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Rank, Nathan E., Strong, D. R., and Garcia-Rossi, D.
- Description:
- Invasive species can experience strong selection in their new environments. Some populations of invasive Spartina spp. cordgrass in Pacific estuaries have been separated from the specialist planthopper Prokelisia marginata for many generations while virtually no native populations, in estuaries of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America, have experienced this separation. Contemplating the implications for biological control, we compared native cordgrass populations for resistance and tolerance to the planthopper with invasive ones that have been separated from the herbivore from many generations. We found that plant genotypes varied more in their ability to resist and support planthoppers in a population that had been separated from the herbivore for many generations (in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA) than in one that had been consistently exposed to the herbivore (in San Francisco Bay, California, USA). In the former, some plant genotypes experienced !50% shoot mortality while others experienced none. In contrast, in the latter no genotype experienced !20% shoot mortality. Population growth rates of the herbivore paralleled this pattern among plant genotypes from the two populations. Extending previous observations, we found generally lower resistance and tolerance among six (nonnative) cordgrass populations that have been long-separated from the planthopper than in six (native) cordgrass populations that had been consistently exposed to it. One Willapa Bay genotype of S. alterniflora was quite tolerant of the planthopper while lacking resistance; the high densities of the insect that grew on this genotype did it virtually no harm. Plant genotypes with this combination of traits are insidious to biological control. Initially they could contribute to control by fostering herbivores that harm vulnerable genotypes. However, as these tolerant plant genotypes increase in frequency, the effectiveness of biological control would decrease. Prokelisia marginata has recently been released in Willapa Bay for biological control of S. alterniflora. Our findings of tolerant but nonresistant genetic cordgrass variants suggest the need for complementary chemical and/ or mechanical control of less vulnerable genotypes. Attention to the frequency and nature of genetic variation in vulnerability to natural enemies in target species is germane to both the science and the practice of biological control.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 1051-0761
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Dahlhoff, E. P. and Rank, Nathan E.
- Description:
- The heat shock response is a critical mechanism by which organisms buffer effects of variable and unpredictable environmental temperatures. Upregulation of heat shock proteins (Hsps) increases survival after exposure to stressful conditions in nature, although benefits of Hsp expression are often balanced by costs to growth and reproductive success. Hsp-assisted folding of variant polypeptides may prevent development of unfi t phenotypes; thus, some differences in Hsp expression among natural populations of ectotherms may be due to interactions between enzyme variants (allozymes) and Hsps. In the Sierra willow leaf beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis, which lives in highly variable thermal habitats at the southern edge of their range in the Eastern Sierra Nevada, California, allele frequencies at the enzyme locus phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) vary across a climatic latitudinal gradient. PGI allozymes differ in kinetic properties, and expression of a 70 kDa Hsp differs between populations, along elevation gradients, and among PGI genotypes. Differences in Hsp70 expression among PGI genotypes correspond to differences in thermal tolerance and traits important for reproductive success, such as running speed, survival and fecundity. Thus, differential Hsp expression among genotypes may allow functionally important genetic variation to persist, allowing populations to respond effectively to environmental change
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0250-5991
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Rank, Nathan E., Brose, U., Otto, S. B., Smiley, John T., and Berlow, E. L.
- Description:
- Declining predator diversity may drastically affect the biomass and productivity of herbivores and plants. Understanding how changes in predator diversity can propagate through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied the effects of predator removal in a simple natural food web in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California (USA). By excluding the predators of the third trophic level of a food web in a full-factorial design, we monitored cascading effects of varying predator diversity and composition on the herbivorous beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis and the willow Salix orestera, which compose the first and second trophic levels of the food web. Decreasing predator diversity increased herbivore biomass and survivorship, and consequently increased the amount of plant biomass consumed via a trophic cascade. Despite this simple linear mean effect of diversity on the strength of the trophic cascade, we found additivity, compensation, and interference in the effects of multiple predators on herbivores and plants. Herbivore survivorship and predator–prey interaction strengths varied with predator diversity, predator identity, and the identity of coexisting predators. Additive effects of predators on herbivores and plants may have been driven by temporal niche separation, whereas compensatory effects and interference occurred among predators with a similar phenology. Together, these results suggest that while the general trends of diversity effects may appear linear and additive, other information about species identity was required to predict the effects of removing individual predators. In a community that is not temporally wellmixed, predator traits such as phenology may help predict impacts of species loss on other species. Information about predator natural history and food web structure may help explain variation in predator diversity effects on trophic cascades and ecosystem function.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0012-9658
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Praetzellis, Mary
- Description:
- The Post Office building was moved to its present site to make way for urban development. Before it was set down on the site, an archaeological "dig" was performed . Herewith is the story found on the land that the old building now sits. It is literally the Old Post Office Story- from the ground up!
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Wlaker, Mark, Praetzellis, Mary, Praetzellis, Adrian, Mullins, Paul R., and Gutman, Marta
- Description:
- Chapter 1: The Loma Prieta Earthquake and its aftermath; Chapter 2: A brief history of West Oakland; Chapter 3: Consumerism, living conditions, and material well-being; Chapter 4: Consuming aspirations: bric-a-brac and the politics of Victorian materialism in West Oakland; Chapter 5: Outside the marketplace: adaptive strategies and self-reliance, making it and making do; Chapter 6: "Busy as Bees": women, work, and material culture in West Oakland; Chapter 7: Aristocracies of labor: craft unionism, immigration, and working-class households; Chapter 8: Chinese Oaklanders: overcoming the odds; Chapter 10: The landscape(s) of lodging in West Oakland; Chapter 10: "Black is beautiful": from porters to panthers in West Oakland; Chapter 11: More than"Just a Place to Start From": historical archaeologies of West Oakland
- Resource Type:
- Technical Report
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Praetzellis, Adrian and Praetzellis, Mary
- Description:
- Gentility (a.k.a., “Victorian culture”) was the preeminent model of propriety in mid- and late-19th-century California. Thanks to industrial production and an efficient supply network, the genteel mores of Victoria’s England came to be expressed in a suite of artifacts that became de rigueur for anyone who aspired to a position of respectability— even in the wilds of the American West. The trappings of gentility, however, were not used only by the aspiring white middle-class to achieve some kind of nervous social acceptance. In this essay, we present archaeological examples from the Mexican-California ruling class, a Chinese-American merchant, expensive brothels, and the home of African-American porters, to show that the symbols of gentility had power outside the parlors of the white middle-class and that other groups manipulated the powerful symbolic content of these artifacts for their own diverse ends.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0002-7294
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Praetzellis, Adrian
- Description:
- The author was asked by the Society for California Archaeology Program Chair to describe the development of historical archaeology over the past 30 years—to which he might have added “while standing on one leg." The original presentation was clocked at twelve minutes.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Praetzellis, Adrian and Praetzellis, Mary
- Description:
- Jack London—popular author, avid traveler, and vocal socialist—left two legacies to the world: his writings and his Beauty Ranch. After the destruction of the Wolf House, the Beauty Ranch became Jack London's main interest.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Praetzellis, Adrian
- Description:
- Comments on why archaeologists should tell stories about sites. Character of archaeological sites; Why archaeologists are suitable persons for telling stories about sites; How an archaeologist writes up an archaeological excavation; Disadvantages of stories told by an archaeologists.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0440-9213
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Praetzellis, Adrian and Praetzellis, Mary
- Description:
- By 1855 four of the five Chinese District Associations in California had offices and boarding houses in Sacramento on I Street between Fifth and Sixth. Agents of these Chinese Associations nurtured important reciprocal relationships with Sacramento businessmen, including Josiah Gallup, a merchant from Connecticut. Gallup discovered his niche as a translator and middleman for the Chinese merchants of San Francisco and Sacramento. He helped them purchase real estate and supplies, transport miners and prostitutes to the gold fields, and negotiate with City officials. This is the story of Joshua Gallup and how he helped the Chinese get started in Sacramento.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0440-9213
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Praetzellis, Adrian and Praetzellis, Mary
- Description:
- As the inlet pipe was ceremoniously opened, filling the long awaited reservoir for the very first time, the Vasco Adobe disappeared beneath the waters of the Los Vaqueros Reservoir. Built in the 1850s by a group of rough Basque cattle ranchers, the adobe had been the scene of tragedies, feuds, fights, failures, and betrayals. Its occupants made and lost fortunes for themselves, and for their lawyers. Only when the cascading series of lawsuits was settled was the adobe abandoned and its residents moved into a plain, wooden house. Melted by rain and buried by flood silts, the adobe remark ably survived the ownership of Oscar Starr, inventor of the Caterpillar tractor, who test-drove his bulldozers on the ranch. It also survived the tenure of gun-toting San Francisco socialite and party-girl, Edith Ordway, who buried her toothless pet raccoon next to the old building's remains. Archaeologists, historians, architects, and folklorists studied the Vasco Adobe so that its stories would not be lost beneath the waters of Los Vaqueros Reservoir.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0440-9213
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Creator:
- Praetzellis, Adrian and Farkas, Lani Ah Tye
- Description:
- In this paper we combine family history and archaeology to present the life and times of California pioneer Yee Ah Tye. Not quite a '49er, Yee arrived in San Francisco from southern China in about 1852 and became an agent for the Sze Yup District Association, a role that he would continue in Sacramento and La Porte until his death in 1896. Archaeological excavations of Chinese district association houses in Sacramento and at the site of a Chinese gold miners' camp in Sierra County provide insights into Yee's role as association official, merchant, and middleman representing the interests of his community for over 40 years.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0897-0947
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma