The United States Department of Energy launched the Sunshot Initiative with a goal of reducing the cost of solar energy to $.05/kWh to make it more competitive with other forms of energy. In pursuit of this goal, a project using reverse osmosis concen . . .

Reverse osmosis (RO) is widely used as a water treatment technique for the desalination of seawater and surface water. The RO process splits the feedwater into potable water and an undesired byproduct, i.e. reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC). Current R . . .