We develop an analytical theory of the low-frequency ac quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect based upon the scattering matrix formalism. It is shown that the ac QSH effect can be interpreted as a bulk quantum pumping effect. When the electron spin is conser . . .

Topological insulators (TIs) are a new quantum state of matter discovered recently, which are characterized by unconventional bulk topological invariants. Proposals for practical applications of the TIs are mostly based upon their metallic surface or . . .

The Mini-Mental State Examination is a widely used cognitive screening measure. The purpose of the present study was to assess how 5 specific clusters of Mini-Mental State Examination items (ie, subscores) correlate with and predict specific areas of . . .

The quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect is known to be unstable to perturbations violating time-reversal symmetry. We show that creating a narrow ferromagnetic region near the edge of a QSH sample can push one of the counterpropagating edge states to the i . . .

A one-dimensional electron model with parameters modulated adiabatically in closed cycles is proposed which can continuously pump spin to leads. By defining the spin-polarized Wannier functions, we reveal that the spin pumping is protected by the spin . . .

We numerically study the quantum Hall effect QHE in bilayer graphene based on tight-binding model in the presence of disorder. Two distinct QHE regimes are identified in the full energy band separated by a critical region with nonquantized Hall Effect . . .

The exhumed Fiordland sector of Zealandia offers a deep-crustal view into the life cycle of a Cordilleran-type orogen from final magmatic construction to extensional orogenic collapse. We integrate U-Pb thermochronologic data from metamorphic zircon a . . .

Topological phase transitions in a three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) with an exchange field of strength g are studied by calculating spin Chern numbers C±(kz) with momentum kz as a parameter. When |g| exceeds a critical value gC, a tra . . .