The purpose of this introductory course is to serve as a guide and manual to the Arab instructor. It is an aid to help solve the problems of teaching English as a foreign language. The differences in structure and sounds and in the cultures reflec . . .

A dual purpose furnace was constructed and used to obtain F 16 3center densities up to 6 X 10 centers/cm in natural sodium chloride by additive coloration methods. The sample crystal was heated to temperatures around 600° C in a vacuum of 45 mm me . . .

The discovery of antitoxins to both diphtheria and tetanus toxins dramatically introduced two immunological phenomena to twentieth-century science. First, biologically active molecules, such as toxins and enzymes, may have the potential to be neutr . . .

No Abastract or Summary.

According to Byron Massialas the traditional image of a teacher has been one of an older maiden lady who has de voted her entire life and love to teaching children. She was not likely to be outspoken on political issues nor influential in educati . . .

Die casting is the metal working process by which molten metal is forced into steel molds, under pressure, in order to form simple or complex parts with a rapid cycle and little labor. Die casting is the fastest of all casting processes; it is most . . .

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a very useful tool to study atomic structure where energy level differences are on the order of I Oyev to lOOyev. The first successful experiment was performed by Zavoisky in 19^5 (Ref. I). Since then numero . . .

During the Cold War, United States government officials used a “soft power” strategy to conduct foreign policy known as public diplomacy. The consensus found in historical scholarship links a “state-private” network between U.S. government officials . . .

A wide variety of assessment procedures have been utilized to ascertain the typical personality traits of student activists of both the right and left. Also, much research concerning nocturnal dreams has been conducted, but few investigations have dea . . .

The proliferation of Information and Communications Technologies is a gamechanger for international relations, and the classical theories are not suited for application in cyber studies. The current literature on cyber studies, is fragmented, and lack . . .

There has been an extensive amount of effort to combat tobacco use, yet the emergence of electronic cigarettes threatens to jeopardize the current progress. This study sought to determine statistically significant differences in electronic cigarette . . .

A number of studies have been done on attitudes toward death and dying. In general, conclusions infer that most people, including nurses, have anxiety regarding death. Studies about nurses show that their attitudes about death and dying are reflec . . .

This thesis deals with issues pertaining to ethno-cultural identities. I recognize that terms used to denote ethno-cultural groups are often evolving and that, consequently, some terms are contested if they no longer fit the needs of a community and s . . .

This thesis focuses on whether there is conclusive evidence of mammoth utilization by humans at Owl Cave. Archaeologists should intensely scrutinize any mammoth kill site and should explore all avenues of inquiry. Taphonomic analysis is necessary to e . . .

Xylem is a complex vascular tissue that performs several functions related to the growth and survival of woody plants. These functions include the transport of water, biomechanical support, and the storage of water and nutrients. Trees are large organ . . .

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Title IX “Not Anymore” training’s effectiveness among students at the main CSU Bakersfield campus and see if there are any cultural, sex, age, or student status differences among the responses. “Not Anymor . . .

Tulare Lake, CA, is the terminus of several major rivers fed by Sierra Nevada stream discharge. Over the last several decades, the study of Tulare Lake sediments has established the climate history for the Pleistocene and Holocene. In this study, Late . . .

It is suggested that obesity and diabetes may exacerbate influenza infection and impact the efficacy of vaccination against influenza. The association between these conditions and more severe infection was not reported prior to the 2009 pandemic and h . . .

Crystallography is the analytical technique used to determine the arrangement of atoms within a highly ordered solid system. This method uses X-rays, which have a wavelength around 10-10 Å, to interact with the electrons in the atoms electron cloud to . . .

Nucleic acid Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides that bind to target molecules with high affinity and specificity. Although they function like antibodies, there are several properties that aptamers possess that make them superior for c . . .

Most Indigenous cultures historically employed regenerative methods in their human-environment relationships, interactions, and resource use. Many of these methods stemmed from the Indigenous concept of kincentric ecology, an approach which guides hum . . .

The extreme environmental conditions found in the International Space Station (ISS) has been shown to weaken the immune system of astronauts during take-off and landing of spacecrafts, while increasing the virulence of microbes by physiological change . . .

The objective of this project proposal is to provide an alternative design of the current pilot water treatment system located in the Civil Engineering Department hydraulics laboratory at the California State Polytechnic University. The existing syste . . .

It is important to investigate which flavonoids are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics to ameliorate the incidence of cancer around the world. Populations around the world are constantly exposed to a diversity of pollutants from the air, water, . . .

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the causative agent of anogenital herpes infection, the second most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. There are two HSV serotypes, HSV-1 and HSV-2, which both can cause anogenital infection and a . . .

Sculpins of the genus Cottus are commonly found in brackish water and streams of the Pacific drainage of North America (Morris, 1961). Though common, they are infrequently encountered being small, bottom dwelling fish, rarely exceeding 1 50 mm S. . . .

As the hospitality industry has evolved, hoteliers have been developing and implementing innovative practices to attract customers. As a key component of marketing strategies, promotions drive sales by reinforcing customers’ sense of gratification. In . . .

Industrial Control Systems, or ICSs, are modernizing everyday with new advances in technology. This modernization is being done while old traditions of air gapping, as the main line of defense from security attacks, is still maintained. ICSs are moder . . .

The fungus Aspergillus can cause a serious pulmonary infection referred to as Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, (IPA) in immunocompromised patients, such as neutropenic patients, with 80% mortality if untreated. Aspergillosis also affects the poultry . . .

Object detection performed by deep neural networks is a popular research task with diverse real-life applications; these target applications will typically have semantic classes outside of the label maps of publically-available, pre-trained models. Th . . .

This article uses 12 years of data from 42 states in the United States, using simple OLS estimates and panel fixed effects models were used respectively to try to study the effect of unemployment rate on divorce rate and other risk factors affecting d . . .

The Yorba Linda Trend is a proposed NE-SW alignment of earthquakes near the western edge of the Los Angeles Basin in southern California first described by Egill Hauksson in the early 1990s (Hauksson, 1990). Most earthquakes in this area exhibit a str . . .

The genus Cyerce Bergh 1871 is a group of heterobranch sea slugs in the family Caliphyllidae, characterized as having bifid rhinophores, enrolled oral tentacles, multiple leaf-like cerata, and a transverse groove splitting the foot sole of the animal . . .

Juliidae E.A. Smith, 1885 is a family of Sacoglossan bivalve gastropods mistakenly placed in Bivalvia when initially discovered. These are the only known gastropods with bivalve shells, making them a morphologically unique group. A recent morphologica . . .

Micromelo undatus (Bruguière, 1792), represents the only species in the genus Micromelo (Family Aplustridae). This species of "bubble snail" is generally found in warm, tropical and subtropical waters across the globe. Recent work on other globally di . . .

Plants use an isohydric or an anisohydric strategy to cope with declining soil moisture availability and increasing evaporative demand. The goal of this study was to determine the physiological and structural strategies utilized by Pinus attenuata (kn . . .

Global-change-type drought has resulted in large numbers of woody plants suffering mortality in California during the most recent droughts from 2012-2018. These droughts are ecological droughts that impact ecosystems and trigger responses. The factors . . .

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between elevated trace metal contaminants and the incorporation of these contaminants into the tests of benthic foraminifera. Lake Macquarie, north of Sydney in New South Wales, was chosen as th . . .

Research has shown an increase in the national incidence rates of diabetes. National diabetes trends increase yearly along with associated co-morbidity. The diabetic population is at high-risk for an amputation and lower-extremity amputations in this . . .

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Jones Act (Merchant Marine Act of 1920), to assess if it has achieved its main goals and to measure what type of impact it’s had on the US economy, specifically that of Alaska, Hawaii, Guam and Puerto Rico. . . .

Recent studies show the changing religious landscape of the United States, with a distinct rise in the unaffiliated, also referred to as the “rise of the nones” (Keysar 2014, Pew Research Center 2017). Scholars continue to debate the causes behind thi . . .

To improve health literacy in an agricultural region, Kern Family Health Care has funded Buttonwillow School and community partners to inaugurate a school wellness committee (SWC) and implement a school wellness plan (SWP). The purpose of this SWP is . . .

The Housing Choice Voucher Program that is administered by the Housing Authority of the County of Kern is income-based. This standard approach of issuing rental subsidies that ties rent to the percentage of income is defective because it inclines fami . . .

The meaning of a mentor has evolved in time due to the effects of generational differences. At the time, the Millennial Generation in healthcare is developing in their careers with the guidance from a different generation. Literature indicates that t . . .

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a functional protein (FP) program in dairy calves raised in a California rearing program. Experiment 1 was conducted from January – March. Upon arrival the dairy origin, body weight . . .

Hospitals can be noisy because patients are being monitored 24 hours a day. Hospital staffs are constantly in-and-out of patient rooms checking vitals, drawing blood, or checking-in on the patient's well-being; consequently, the patient's sleep is at . . .

This program proposal aims to shed light on the importance of internships and the impact they can have for both universities and partnering business. Currently, the County of Kern and California State University Bakersfield lack a well-structured and . . .

In the mid-1800s, La Placita de Los Trujillos (La Placita) was situated alongside the Santa Ana River (SAR) in what is now Colton, CA. The settlement had grown to be the largest non-native community between New Mexico and Los Angeles, until the river . . .

A group of polyphenols called flavonoids, which are abundant in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, have gained increasing interest due to their antioxidant properties. Flavonoids are rich in fruit juices, of which orange juice has . . .

This paper proposes a comprehensive annual community survey for the Bakersfield, California Police Department. The proposed community survey will annually measure community attitudes and perceptions of the BPD to monitor improvements or changes in per . . .

Sandy beaches support dynamic and diverse, but physically narrow intertidal ecosystems that are vulnerable to the effects of anthropogenic disturbance, such as coastal dredging and beach nourishment. Our study site in Morro Bay, California has been . . .

Fewer than 40% of students that pursue college degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) do not graduate with a STEM degree. The rate of college degree attainment in STEM is about 20% lower for women, people with disabiliti . . .

Invasive annual grasses of mediterranean origin dominate large areas in the arid and semi-arid regions of the San Joaquin Valley in California and create numerous management challenges. Much of the invaded habitat would be native saltbush shrub commun . . .

The emplacement of silicic lavas is a rarely observed phenomenon and most of what is known about the processes is interpreted from ancient lavas. Recent lava emplacements in Chile have challenged existing models of lava emplacement and suggest that si . . .

In recent years, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been documented with both higher rates of incidence and earlier age of onset. Though treatments for MDD currently exist, they are limited by inherent obstacles, such as anergia and decreased motivat . . .

Computational fluid dynamic simulations are performed at a systems level on a portable waste incinerator with actively forced, reacting jets through porous media. In total there are six jets with separate streams of fuel and oxidizer entering a porous . . .

There are an estimated 10.5 million undocumented immigrants that live in the United States (Krogstad, Passel, & Cohn, 2019). As changes in immigration policies and legislation become harsher and more restrictive, the purpose of this phenomenological . . .

Rockweeds (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) are brown seaweeds that dominate temperate rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats. These autogenic ecosystem engineers facilitate high diversity through provision of a canopy that ameliorates desiccation and t . . .

Current types of measurements such as employee surveys aim to measure employee satisfaction which aids in measuring leadership teams. Other measurements include leader evaluations which measures an individual’s performance. However, leader evaluations . . .

During the 1960s and 1970s, Chicanas/os at Fresno State College formed part of the larger Chicano movement aimed at obtaining civil rights for individuals of Mexican descent living within the United States. Between 1965 and 1975, Chicanas/os enrolle . . .

Bladderworts, aquatic carnivorous plants, use specialized traps (with a mouth opening of about 0.2 mm in diameter) to complete their feeding strike in less than a millisecond after the trap begins to open. Suction feeding is well understood in animals . . .

This study provides further insight regarding the aspirations of Latinx mothers and their influence to support more access for Latinx students into higher education. Parental engagement is very rarely seen in higher education spaces. I am interested . . .

This research study explored the perceptions of university campus climate for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Latinx students, specifically feelings of safety and inclusion. The purpose of this study was to examine how safety . . .

This descriptive study assessed the relationship between infrastructure and health outcomes. This study utilized secondary data from the CalEnviroScreen 3.0 to analyze environmental and health measures from the ZIP codes of 93702, 93706, 93711, and . . .

The study focuses on the experiences of school counselors and outlines their perspectives on supporting first-generation Latinx students. The study examines the literature surrounding the perceptions on the roles, practices, challenges, and demands . . .

Using feminist psychoanalytic and rhetorical theory, this thesis reclaims and reimagines how female relationships and voices are represented in literature by focusing on the ancient myth of Persephone and Demeter in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter and t . . .

The city of Exeter is in a rural area of Tulare County near the center of the San Joaquin Valley, California. The economy is agriculturally oriented with an emphasis on citrus. Exeter Union High School, located in the city of Exeter, is a single hi . . .

The subject of the present research is public criticism of police conduct and professionalism, as well as public perception of an officer’s guilt in shooting situations. The hypothesis driving this research is that people will be more critical of a . . .

In the last few years educators have experimented with two innovative techniques: non-grading, so that a student never fails, and self-pacing, where a student is allowed to progress at his own rate of speed. These techniques have most often been e . . .

There are various ideas concerning what role guidance should play within the school organisation. One point of view* which stresses the individual in his uniqueness, is concerned with helping youth develop self-concepts involving realistic self-und . . .

For the past several years there have been courses entitled power mechanics, power technology, and transporta- tion and power which have been offered in the field of industrial arts. This new course can be found in the schools at the junior high s . . .

During the years until World War II public school education retained many of the moral and spiritual teachings which were found in the earlier private schools. There was much leniency toward prayer and Bible reading in the classroom, as well as towa . . .

Consumer demand regarding standards of care, welfare, and production methods are increasingly important for livestock producers. To meet consumer demands, the United States (US) is on a path to increase levels of welfare. Structures added to the envir . . .

The general morphology of Hidatsa has been studied extensively by a handful of scholars (Matthews, W. 1874; Robinett 1955; Matthews, G. H. 1965; Jones 1979, 1992; Boyle 2007, 2011; Gebhardt & Boyle 2012; Park 2012), but little work has been done on . . .

On July 25, 2018, another wave of feminist political action crashed onto the Chilean shore. Taking to the streets of Plaza Italia, a public space in the capital city of Santiago where protestors often gather, thousands of women sought to demand the . . .

Coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley Fever, is a re-emerging infectious disease of the American continent. Coccidioidomycosis is a respiratory disease caused by the inhalation of arthroconidia produced by the dimorphic ascomycete fungi Coccidioide . . .

To address its contribution to climate change, California has adopted landmark legislation such as EO S-3-05, AB 32, EO B-30-15, SB 32, and AB 197. Currently California is on track to meet the goal of reducing GHG emissions in 2020 to 1990 levels. How . . .

The weight room facility at Cal State University Bakersfield (CSUB) does not meet the accreditation standards of the AAAHC and has not had a structural revision since 1985. The benefit-cost analysis and BCR were used to analyze alternative projects fo . . .

The growing community of Bakersfield, California, is home to a variety of unique plant and animal species, some which are in danger of becoming extinct. As development occurs, critical habitat for these species is sometimes lost. Fortunately, there is . . .

This paper analyzes the impact of the Middle-Class Scholarship by detailing who receives the scholarship and in what amount. This leads further into analyzing the impact of reduced or increased student debt at graduation, the relationship that debt ha . . .

Higher educational institutions adhere to an annual goal of increasing retention and graduation rates. In order to meet their goals, colleges and universities need to offer appropriate resources in order to effectively assist their students. The liter . . .

For most of us, our perception of others has an indirect impact on our interactions with them. For example, as you’re walking down the street, you might perceive an individual walking towards you as intimidating or dangerous. The thought that they wil . . .

Past and current research has shown that the construct of Black masculinity has yet to be clearly defined (Belgrave and Brevard 2015; Ferber 2007: Connell 2005; Courtenay 2000). With no clear definition of Black masculinity, some theorists have argued . . .

Over the period of last fifteen years, quality indicators and performance measures of health care quality have undergone many updates. The measures that were the core quality measures once were overachieved by hospitals and are not the performance ind . . .

In order to further investigate the presence of these antibiotic biosynthetic pathways, this study focused on ten genes and the identification of genes that code for enzymes in these antifungal and antibacterial pathways; Flagellin (hag), Mucosubtilin . . .

Previous research has shown violent video games can lead to temporarily heighted aggressive states and desensitization to violence in gamers. Within video game communities, there exist elevated levels of overt toxic behaviors and standards, including . . .

Using Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, this thesis examines neoliberal ideology as a fragmented hegemon that legitimizes itself through other cultural projects. Using narrative analysis, I produce speech excerpts from the Reagan administration to the Tru . . .

For decades, video game culture has produced patriarchal standards and ideals that produce inequality for the women in this community. The question this research seeks to answer is whether Twitch, a new video platform popular within the video game com . . .

When it comes to minimum wage it is a complex subject to grasp, since it affects everyone and the economy as a whole. Even economist’s perspectives vary amongst them on the effect that raising the minimum wage has on society. For example, some economi . . .

The most invidious issue firefighter families face is having the firefighter absent for extended periods of time. It was found that even though the regular schedule—whether it be 2 days on 2 days off, 1 day on 2 days off, or some other regularly repea . . .

Sexually transmitted diseases, STDs, are spreading drastically all over the United States, but drastically in Kern County. Kern county’s rates are higher compared to California’s level. There are plenty of resources available to people, the question i . . .

This Analysis of Alternatives serves as a push for a federal recycling redemption act. Though this analysis of various state recycling and redemption programs, policy and program elements beneficial to a proposed Federal Recycling Redemption Act will . . .

Islamophobia is a real problem in the United States. It has slowly made its way to school campuses across the nation, especially after the election of President Trump. Muslim students in the United States face a new sort of bullying on and off school . . .

Health care has been labeled as a predominantly pink-collared profession where women make up the majority. Despite being in the majority, women’s representation decreases significantly as the organizational ladder rises. The study was based on the ste . . .

Adolescent suicide has been increasing at an alarming rate across the nation and within Kern County. The number of adolescent suicides in Kern County illustrates the need for the county to actively participate to remedy the existence of this problem. . . .

Today and throughout history ever since Intercollegiate Athletics has come into existence you will find plenty of problems that universities and schools have run into. First starting off in the 40’s and 50’s, women weren’t even thought of in playing a . . .

Privatization has increasingly gained prominence as one of the engines for economic growth and development. In fact, the success of this process in some nations has prompted others to consider implementing it because of its benefit in stimulating econ . . .

My results suggest that Desert Kit Foxes in the Mojave Desert in California prefer to consume rodents and invertebrates, but will prey upon a variety of other items, especially when preferred prey has declined due to drought or seasonal conditions. O . . .

Federal law mandates that students with disabilities be educated in the least restrictive environment to provide them with equal opportunities to access state curriculum just as their peers without disabilities. General education teachers often do not . . .

The issues associated with the foster care system are not a recent phenomenon. In fact, society has been dealing with such issues for at least a century. In the early 1900’s, children became orphans or lived in the streets and were in need of a safe h . . .