The Goraori acetylthiocholine technique was used to investigate the distribution of cholinesterase in fourth instar larvae of Culiseta inornate (Nilliston). Fixed and especially prepared larvae were incubated in the substrate solution for the required . . .

Zebrafish is an important model species to study vertebrate development. One particularly interesting aspect of fish ontogeny, which zebrafish larvae exhibit, is the high tail beat frequency up to 10 times higher than that of adult fish. Larvae theref . . .

Gregarines are parasitic protozoa belonging to the sporozoan subclass Telosporidia. They occur most often in invertebrate groups with a metameric level of development. Some, however, have been described from mollusks which do not have a metameric leve . . .

The Endangered Species Recovery Program (ESRP) is supervising land restoration in southwest Fresno County through the federally funded Land Retirement Project. The reclaimed land is adjacent to currently farmed land, and there is grower concern that n . . .

As California continues to persist in a state of severe drought, residents of the Fresno Clovis Metropolitan Area (FCMA) are slowly making changes to reduce their water usage and to be conscious of how this resource is utilized in their landscape. Sin . . .

The purpose of the present study is to gain some insight into the complex of factors that create the canopy effect with emphasis on the microenvironment that is associated with the vegetative differences. Data recorded weekly included the measurement . . .

In the present study, we studied the growth characteristics of two species of green algae; Dunliella primolecta and Botryococcus braunii, in fruit industry wastewater and also studied the COD removal from wastewater by these species. We found that bot . . .

The general stress response principally results in the release of cortisol, with the overall effect of mobilizing metabolic energy and redirecting it towards homeostatic maintenance. Consequently, an important factor altered by stress is food intake. . . .

In this study, substrate and water agitation of the echinoid habitat are related to the entocommensal incidence. Host species examined at Eniwetok had higher densities of entocommensal ciliates in lagoon waters than in surf waters on the fringing reef . . .

In response to a stressor, an animal�s physiology is altered in an attempt to maintain homeostasis. Cortisol, a corticosteroid hormone that binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), has widespread actions which mediate the stress response. In an aqua . . .

An earlier study on the effect of excess DL-methronine on Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 3701B when cultured on a rich medium showed that there was an inhibition of cultural development during the first 6 to 12 hours. However, a sudden and sharp incr . . .

Early sexual maturation (precocity) of male salmonids is a serious issue in the modern conservation hatchery. Previous studies have demonstrated a ‘decision window’ of time for sexual maturation for Spring-run Chinook salmon beginning in the fall, dur . . .

Traditional cell culture techniques grow cells in a two-dimensional (2D) format on compatible surfaces, but cells do not grow like this in vivo. A fast-emerging alternative is three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, which encourages cells to work togethe . . .

Fish execute a C start when they escape from a predator. Previous studies suggest that fish randomize their horizontal escape trajectories, but bias the response away from the stimulus. The fewstudies that looked at the vertical trajectory found that . . .

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a problematic gram-negative bacterium which commonly causes nosocomial infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, burn wound infections, and bacteremia. K. pneumoniae is particularly virulent due to its ability to . . .

This was the first survey in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley to identify the hard tick species present in this region. Hard tick distribution and diversity were evaluated in Fresno County and adjacent areas by (i) collection of ticks at th . . .

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Research has identified several factors that play an important role in PD, and one of the factors is protein called α-synuclein.Overexpression of A30P or A53T promotes th . . .

This study investigated the potential effects of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibiting pesticides and thyroid hormone changes from blood mercury (Hg) concentrations in western pond turtles (Emys marmorata) occupying streams in two regions of California, USA . . .