Overfishing has led to significant declines in worldwide fish stocks, particularly large bodied species. Contemporary management attempts to mitigate fishing effects to ensure the sustainability and accessibility of future fish stocks. A typical appro . . .

Apoptosis is a form of cellular suicide activated by intracellular death programs, and is important for normal development and homeostasis. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known inducers of human T-lymphoid cell apoptosis, and serve as therapeutic agents in . . .

The susceptibility of ecosystems to the introduction of non-native species has increased drastically with the development of advanced transportation technologies. It is now quite common for organisms to be easily transported by humans across physiolog . . .

Convergent evolution is a widely studied evolutionary phenomenon that has been documented in taxonomically diverse groups representing numerous ecosystems and specialized habitats. Yet one traditionally understudied system is the cave environment. Cav . . .

The effects upon the immune system of long-term exposure to cadmium, as 600 ppm CdCl2 in drinking water, was determined in CBA/H mice and compared to control mice given normal drinking water. Cadmium effects on the general health of the animals were e . . .

Sporosarcina ureae is a motile spore forming cocci that traditionally forms packets. The term sarcina is used to describe packets of cocci microorganisms that divide bilaterally, on two or three successive planes. Both physiological and partial 16S ri . . .

Electron microscope histochemical and biochemical properties of S 180 lysosomes were studied in terms of intracellular disposition and stability. Using acid phosphatase and 5’ nucleotidase localization procedures, dense body lysosomes, secondary lysos . . .

In the animal kingdom, males of many species possess striking weaponry used in intrasexual competition for access to females. Until recently, there were no known cases of male weaponry being used against females in sexual coercion. However, in the cam . . .

Numerous studies have shown that fish parasite communities change in response to pollution levels and could serve as effect bioindicators of ecosystem health. My study sought bioindicators of chemical pollution in parasitological data, i.e., species r . . .

Two pathways for serine biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa have been reported by Sojka and Garner. The phosphorylated pathway involves 3-phosphoglyceric acid, phosphohydroxypyruvic acid, and phosphoserine as intermediates, whereas the non-phosphorylate . . .

The social organization of the introduced fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) was studied in the Historical Orange Grove on the campus of California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles County, from 1 March 1973 to 16 July 1974. Twenty-one squirrels wer . . .

Thyroid hormones have an overarching influence on cellular processes and directly affect gene expression. Thyroid hormones are involved in telomere maintenance, ribosomal pseudouridylation, and p53-mediated apoptosis. Males affected with X-linked Dysk . . .

Certain floral characteristics are associated with specific pollinators. Hummingbird-pollinated flowers are usually red, lack a landing platform, lack color patterns on the perianth, and contain a high amount of dilute sucrose-rich nectar compared to . . .

Elevated carbon dioxide levels caused by greenhouse gasses result in rising temperatures that have a detrimental impact on crop production, which cost farmers billions of dollars and loss in crop productivity. In response to abiotic stress, plants emi . . .

Nostoc punctiforme is a filamentous cyanobacterium capable of differentiating its vegetative cells into spore-like akinetes that can withstand desiccation and cold. The NpR3597 gene was previously identified in a time-course DNA microarray experiment . . .

The extracellular matrix is a tissue that is present around the cell which provides structural support to the cell. The extracellular matrix also plays an important role in growth and development; it consists of a set of components including proteogly . . .

The freeze-fracture technique was used to analyze intercalations within the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope of Sarcoma-180 ascites tumor cells. These membranes are extremely deformable and reflect basic, intrinsic . . .

Gibberellin-like activity from cotyledons, sead-coats and embryonic axis of Phaseolus vulgaris was measured by the barley reducing sugar assay and the dwarf pea stem assay during germination. In the first 48 hours of germination the amount of gibberel . . .

Cellulase is widely used as an enzyme for saccharification of cellulosic materials. However, commercially available cellulase is an expensive enzyme. Recombinant ethanologenic bacteria have also become an important tool for production of bioethanol fr . . .

For closely related species, differences in morphology can provide insight as to the evolutionary history of a taxonomic group, as well as mechanisms for ecological segregation. Storm-petrels are among the smallest seabirds and their highest taxonomic . . .

The outermost portion of the brain, the cortex, is a six-layered structure of neurons that is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking and speech. This region is the most evolutionarily new part of the brain and is disproportionatel . . .

The increasing awareness of human infections caused by the organisms in the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex, particularly in nosocomial infections, emphasizes the need to subdivide the species of this complex for epidemiological investigations. Bioche . . .

Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, a root pathogen of worldwide importance, is a member of a family of fungi that lacks the ability to synthesize sterols. Sterols are considered important as hormones, membrane structure stabilizers, and steroid precursors. . . .

Fecal material from 39 guinea pigs was collected and microscopically surveyed for the presence of Metabacterium polyspora, a large, Gram-positive bacterium uniquely forming many endospores. It was found in the feces of 9 of 11 adult female guinea pigs . . .

An acid protease that appears responsible for causing cell-cell disaggregation in a mouse ascites teratocarcinoma was partially purified and characterized. The protease was purified from the mouse ascites fluid by affinity chromatography on Pepstatin . . .

It is essential to understand the conditions that enable invasive plant species to be one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Phenotypic plasticity can be an important contributor to invasiveness, but evidence in the literature is not consistent. . . .

The California State Park system, hereafter referred to as CalDPR, has sought for five years to include Carmel Bay, California, in its park system as an underwater park. Carmel Bay is approximately 15 km (5 mi ) in area, located between Pescadero Poin . . .

An important aspect of any group of organisms from both ecologic and evolutionary points of view is the part played by that group in channeling the flow of energy within the community in which it lives. Foraminifera, marine protozoans with calcium car . . .

The primary purpose of this study was to-investigate the feeding habits of silversides (Family Atherinidae) in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California, since little detailed work on the feeding habits of silversides from California has been pub . . .

Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells were perturbed with the chemical agents cytochalasin B, manganese, the local anesthetics procaine and tetracaine, adrenalin, and serotonin. These agents induced topographical modulations at the cell surface which were e . . .

Coral reefs are experiencing global declines due to changing environmental conditions triggered by climate change and anthropogenic effects impacting important reef-building organisms and their inhabitants. Millepores are calcareous hydrocorals found . . .

Frogs predominantly communicate acoustically, using advertisement calls to mediate both inter- and intrasexual interactions. In many frogs, these signals comprise a single component; however, in others they are composed of distinct multiple components . . .

A mouse teratocarcinoma in our laboratory recently converted from a slow growing multicellular form (embryoid body) to an apparantly more malignant fast growing single cell form. Associated with this conversion was an accumulation of ascites fluid in . . .

A study of a culturally eutrophic pond including structural features and their dynamics was carried out. Data analysis from measured physical, chemical, and biological parameters collected over a 15 week period from a 15 million gallon pond receiving . . .

Nostoc punctiforme is a cyanobacterial species that is capable of adapting its morphology into several different states of which the spore-like akinetes are the least understood. A time-course array previously revealed that Npun_F4153, a putative ECF . . .

Despite the advancement of numerous treatment options, conventional cancer therapeutics generally fail to prevent tumor recurrence or successfully treat metastatic cells. A promising alternative involves the use of attenuated Salmonella strains, which . . .

Pathological aggregation of specific proteins underlies many neurological disorders including Tauopathies, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and spinocerebellar ataxia type-3. Recent research has identified puro . . .

The coral reef ecosystem supports the greatest taxonomic diversity in the ocean and is shaped by a suite of biotic and abiotic factors. One ecological interaction that is important in structuring coral reefs is herbivory. A series of field surveys fou . . .

Although physiological, antipredatory, and reproductive benefits have been predicted as important drivers of grouping behaviors in animals, the initial forces selecting for aggregating behavior can be difficult to identify. Grouping often evolves in p . . .

A study was conducted in the San Gabriel Mountains of Southern California during 1979-81 to obtain quantitative data on food habits, diet quality, and preference of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni). Utilizing a microhistological analysis of fec . . .

The functional and developmental relationship of the muscles, skull and dentition involved in mastication and feeding in four phyllostomatoid bats were studied. Dry weights of the muscles, weights of the mandibles, and skull measurements were taken. T . . .

Legionella pneumophila are intracellular bacteria that cause pneumonia by infecting alveolar macrophages. Normally, bacteria internalized by macrophages travel down the endocytic pathway to the lysosome where they are degraded. The endocytic pathway i . . .

Reports of fungi growing on spiders number less than ten. None of the reports had indicated that the spider was alive at the time of the observation of the fungus. No studies have been made on infecting spiders with fungi, although there is extensive . . .

Breast cancer is the second most prominent form of cancer among women in the United States. It is considered to be a multifactorial disorder where estrogens (estradiol and estrone) play a key role in the initiation and progression of the disease. Norm . . .

The social behavior and organization of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus) were studied from 15 Feb 1977 through 12 Feb 1978 in the Chatsworth Reservoir, Los Angeles, California. Results are based on over 733 person-hours of observation. Sea . . .

Interactions between scleractinian corals and benthic algae can be an important process structuring coral reef communities. The effects of algae on corals and vice versa are not fixed and may be influenced by abiotic factors such as sedimentation, a p . . .

A newly isolated serine auxotroph of Neurosporacrassa, ser (JBM 4-13), exhibited a high rate of reversion in mapping experiments. This study sought to determine whether reversion occurred at a specific frequency , and whether it was time dependent. In . . .

Nematodes rely on chemosensation for their survival. Through chemosensation nematodes can avoid harmful chemicals, enter into the dauer alternative developmental stage, find food sources, potential mates, and even insect hosts. Pristionchus pacificus . . .

The giant sea bass, Stereolepis gigas, is a large predatory fish that inhabits the southern California kelp forest community. S. gigas is a critically endangered species, yet little is known about its life history. A more complete knowledge of the lif . . .

A central goal in evolutionary biology is to understand the mechanisms underlying the formation of new species (Ott & Endler, 1989; Coyne & Orr, 1998). Population diversification evolves through ecological and evolutionary processes, which could event . . .

Plasma membrane molecular topography in the early development of the sea urchin embryo, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus was analyzed using freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Membrane topography was analyzed with respect to intramembranous particle den . . .

Unit gravity (Sta-Put) sedimentation and reorienting gradient zonal centrifugation were used to separate and characterize mammalian cells by velocity sedimentation. The development of both techniques as well as density grad-theory have been reviewed. . . .

Ecosystem engineers are organisms that control the availability of resources to other species by creating and modifying habitat (Jones et al. 1994). Ecosystem engineers alter habitat in such a way as to reduce physical and biological stresses for othe . . .

Dissociated sea urchin embryonic cells were observed to adhere to Sepharose 4B beads when the cells and beads were rotated together in calcium-and-magnesium-free sea water. When placed in Millipore filtered sea water, the cells would not adhere to the . . .

A considerable amount of evidence supports the contention that elements of the endoplasmic reticulum are involved in glycogen metabolism. The present study examined the effects of starvation and glycogen depletion on the membrane elements of rat liver . . .

A temperature sensitive sporulation mutant of Bacillus subtilis was isolated and its chemical and physical characteristics were investigated. This mutant is able to grow equally well at 30° and 42°C, but is unable to produce a normal healthy spore at . . .

Forty individuals of four species of raptors, Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), American Kestrel (Falco sparverius), and Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus) were released after a conditioning period and monitored wi . . .

Sea urchin embryos of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Lytechinus pictus and Lytechinus variegatus were investigated with respect to appearance, disappearance, and distribution of clusters of larger than average intramembraneous particles and associated . . .

Over 1,000 bivalve mollusks, representing eighteen genera and twenty-two species, were collected in four years from twenty geographical sites from Santa Barbara, California to San Diego, California, and their crystalline styles were examined for bacte . . .

On macroalgal-dominated reefs, the continuation of coral populations is dependent on successful recruitment and post-settlement success, both of which may be challenged by the presence of macroalgae. This study considers how the environment, particula . . .

Evolution is driven by natural selection operating on the genes present in a given species. However, it is unclear if the different parts of a gene (coding and non-coding) are under the same types of selection as each other. Determining the similarity . . .

A survey was conducted in dogs and cats for the presence of simonsiella, a multicellular, filamentous, gliding genus of bacteria. It was found in the mouths of sixty-six of sixty-seven dogs and in eight of nine dogs. The survey which was based on one . . .

Formaldehyde has long been a commercially available fixative of common use. Formalin is the term used for an aqueous solution of formaldehyde and has been used over decades as a fixative for preserving tissue integrity. Due to formaldehyde cross-linki . . .

ABSTRACT THE EFFECTS OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS ON SEA URCHIN GASTRULATION IN LOW CALCIUM SEAWATER By Edward Holmes Master of Science in Biology The sea urchin embryo has been designated by the National Institutes of Health as a model system for studying cellu . . .

A series of experiments was designed to determine the role of the dorsal skin gland in olfactory discrimination and chemical communication in two sympatric species of kangaroo rats, Dipodomys merriami and Dipodomys panamintinus. Experimental animals w . . .

Nitrogenase biosynthesis in a mutant strain of Klebsiella.pneumoniae can be fully repressed by L-glutamine alone. K.pneumoniae SK-25 which has no glutamine synthetase activity or immunologically cross reacting protein, lacks glutamate synthase activit . . .

Herbivory is a critical process in coral reef systems, which are among the most functionally diverse and productive ecosystems on earth. As coral reefs progressively endure both increasing frequencies and intensities of anthropogenic and natural distu . . .

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of adult brain cancer that offers only one to two years of survival and results in the growth of brain tumors. GBM was studied by a group of researchers called The Cancer Genome Atla . . .

In this study, life-history traits, tradeoffs in those traits, and habitat characteristics of rare and common species were compared in an attempt to explain differences in species distributions. The nine Dudleya species occurring in and around the San . . .

When DNA was extracted from the phytoflagellate P. parva, and subjected to electrophoresis, a prominent low molecular weight band appeared at a position corresponding to 3.7 kb. The DNA was shown to be associated with mitochondrial membrane fragments . . .

The Slit2 gene, located on chromosome 4p15, codes for the production of a membrane bound and secreted glycoprotein. The Slit2 protein has been found to behave as a chemorepellent, allowing for the migration of neural crest cells and inhibiting tumor m . . .

Little is known about the life history of Stereolepis gigas due to the over exploitation of their fishery in the early 1900’s, and depressed populations have prevented much research. A completed life history information on an ecologically, and once ec . . .

Fanconi Anemia Complementary Group I Gene Is Regulated by SP1 and Elk-1 Transcription Factor Binding Sites By Gavin Long Fanconi Anemia Complementary Group I gene (FANCI) plays a role in disorders affecting bone marrow, resulting in anemia, leukopenia . . .

Plasticity in the drive to sleep represents an important strategy of coordinating and prioritizing competing behavioral drives to offset some of the vulnerabilities associated with sleep, such as the inability to forage. Despite the identification of . . .

In view of their greatly increased sample capacity and optimized internal geometry, zonal rotors have become increasingly popular instruments for quantitative centrifugal fractionations of animal and plant tissues on density gradients. Nearly all zona . . .

Hypoxia stimulates human embryonic stem cell (hESC) self-renewal. It has been shown that hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) up regulates OCT4 (POU5F1) transcription, a pluripotency marker gene. Hypoxia also increases the efficiency of reprogramming o . . .

Bird communities of two urban habitats of different ages and a natural habitat in Simi Valley, California were compared to determine whether the urban habitats were ecologically equivalent to the original habitat of an area as it existed prior to urba . . .

In cultures of mouse teratoma, cells synchronized with thymidine (3mM) and colcemid (0.5 mcg/ml), cellular adhesiveness displayed an oscillatory pattern with peaks of glutamine synthtase (GS} specific activity occurring lust prior to peaks of adhesive . . .

Algae are key foundation species within temperate subtidal reef systems as their productivity and structure can transform the physical composition of the reef landscape. However, previous assessments of the effects of variation in the algal community . . .

A study was made of the food web formed from a protozcan, Teterhymena pyriformis, two bacteria. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli, and a glucose minimal medium in chemostat culture. An attempt was made to further substantiate the idea that . . .

Glial cells were first observed in the nervous system of vertebrates as neuronal supportive cells. In recent years they have been credited for not only supporting and sustaining neuronal cells but for playing roles in testis development, neuron migrat . . .

Habitat fragmentation plays a major role in species extinction and the loss of biodiversity around the globe. When fragmentation occurs, the initial loss of overall habitat alone causes species extirpation. However, species that survive this initial l . . .

Russian Peak, at an elevation of 8200 feet, is situ­ated in the Salmon Mountains, a north-south trending range centrally located within the Klamath Region of northwest­ern California. The Salmon Mountains are drained by the Scott River on the east and . . .

Clearcut logging of numerous small stands of trees over the last fifteen years has provided suitable areas for the study of early secondary plant succession on the western slope of the central Sierra Nevada mountains. Familiarity with early succession . . .

Six species of Simulium larvae found in the Kings River near Piedra, Fresno County, California, are described. The black fly larvae and pupae were reared in the laboratory for taxonomic association of the immature instars, the pupae and the adults. . . .

Nitidulid beetles have been recognized as major pests of figs In California since 1900 (Simmons et al., 1931). Early workers were concerned primarily with Carpophllus hemlpterus (Linnaeus), the dried-fruit beetle, as the principal nitidulid pest ( . . .

The natural history of the Fresno kangaroo rat, Dipodomys nitratoides exilis, in the San Joaquin Valley's alkali sink habitat was first described by Culbertson (1946). His study included little information on the interspecific interactions with ot . . .

Neurodegeneration is the progressive breakdown of neurons resulting in impairment of cognitive functions and motor abilities, and has been attributed to such neurological diseases as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosi . . .

Agglutination of S-180 ascites tumor cells mediated by Concanavalin A (ConA) and biologically active succinyl and acetyl ConA derivatives was quantitatively measured and compared, using an electronic particle counter assay. ConA causes agglutination o . . .

Cyanide exerts its toxic effects by inhibiting cellular respiration, specifically by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase. In many bacteria, algae, protozoa and plants cyanide resistance has been demonstrated and is usually associated with an alternate elect . . .

Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (HIBM) is a disorder caused by a mutation in the GNE gene. Although there are 60 known mutations, this research study focused on the M712T mutation. The mutation causes complications in the production of sialic acid, . . .

A deterministic model for growth of species of giant kelp, Macrocystis, of the southern California coast was developed and analyzed using FORTRAN. Factors modifying only light and temperature are required to simulate empirically derived growth curves. . . .

Fifty-one strains of Sporosarcina ureae were isolated from 198 soils by plating diluted soil samples onto a complex agar medium containing 1. 5% filter sterilized urea. S. ureae was found to be widely distributed the United States and in various parts . . .

Coral reefs, some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world, face increasing pressures from global and local-scale anthropogenic stressors. Nutrient enrichment and sediment loading could make corals more vulnerable to global climate change by suppre . . .

Muscular dystrophies are a group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness, and degeneration. One approach to treatment would be the replacement of the deficient protein via gene therapy. For effective gene therapy, both effi . . .

The field of membrane investigation is over 80 years old. Yet that remarkably complex and diverse structure, the cell membrane, continues to elude precise definition of structure and function. Observers have found cell membranes to be involved . . .

An aggregation inhibitory factor (AIF) has been extracted from mouse ascites teratoma cells that retards adhesion of cultured teratoma cells of the same cell line. Preliminary characterization of AIF on polyacrylamide gels suggests that AIF is a carbo . . .

Landscape genetics combines principles of landscape ecology and population genetics to determine the effect of landscape characteristics on the functional connectivity of populations. Functional connectivity, the degree to which organisms move across . . .

Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) are seabirds that depend on their hind limbs and beak to pursue and capture their prey underwater, rendering these apparatuses critical for their survival. Although the group is cosmopolitan, cormorant communities of thr . . .

The rate of growth of catfish farming in the United States during the past 16 years is. unequalled in the history of fish culture. Commercial production of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) has increased from its beginnings in 1960 to an estim . . .