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- Creator:
- Palmire, Amanda, Palmire, Ashley, Viggers, Pearl, and De Leon, Gabrielle
- Description:
- Nicotine is the addictive chemical in tobacco and smokers experience greater infections and illnesses. Bacillus subtilis (BS) is considered a probiotic spore forming bacteria, which is present in the human body. Sporulation is a resilient life stage that allows the bacteria to endure unfavorable conditions and germinate during better conditions. The objective of this study is to observe the effect of nicotine and sucrose on the sporulation rate of BS. Bacteria grown in the presence of varying concentrations of nicotine ranging from 1x10-15 M to 1x10-1 M in TSB was examined for sporulation and growth at 24, 48 and 72 hours. BS grown in the absence of nicotine in TSB did not form spores at 24, 48 and 72 hours, while the TSB with nicotine had a significantly higher amount of spores at all nicotine concentrations at 48 and 72 hours. The growth of the BS was not affected by the presence of nicotine in TSB. Sucrose was also added in ranging concentrations from 1x10-4 M to 1 M. Sucrose was found to significantly suppress the amount of sporulation of BS in the presence and in the absence of nicotine at 72 hours (p<0.05). The current findings indicate that nicotine induces greater sporulation of BS, which could reduce the beneficial effect of the presence of BS in the body as probiotic bacteria. the two media will require further investigations.
- Resource Type:
- Poster
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Department:
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Creator:
- Greene, Holly M, Talmadge, Robert J, Fisher, Allison L, and Nout-Lomas, Yvette S
- Description:
- Effect of a Lactate-Guided Conditioning Program on Fitness Markers in the Equine Athlete A.L. Fisher, H.M. Greene MS, R.J. Talmadge PhD, Y.S. Nout-Lomas DVM, PhD Hypothesis: A lactate-guided conditioning program (CP) implementing twice-weekly short-duration high-intensity exercise bouts and once-weekly low-intensity longer-duration exercise bout effectively increases fitness in horses. Rationale: Blood lactate concentration ([LA]) is a measure of fitness in equine athletes. Most equine CPs are based on regular bouts of similar intensity exercise. Here we explore the effect of a CP that includes two shorter higher-intensity bouts and one longer low-intensity bout/week. Methods: Six adult horses were subjected to a 12-week CP that consisted of twice-weekly exercise on an equine treadmill (6%-incline) for 25min at a velocity at which [LA] is 4.0mmol/L (VLA4.0) and once-weekly for 45min at a velocity at which [LA] is 2.5mmol/L (VLA2.5). VLA2.5 and VLA4.0 were determined by incremental-step standardized-exercise-test (SET) before the CP and adjusted every 3wks (total 4 SETs). SETs started at 4.0m/s and were followed by 0.5m/s increments every 5min (6%-incline). Blood was collected for [LA], creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) before each speed increase and at 2, 4, and 24hrs after termination of the SET, when [LA] reached ≥4mmol/L. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for analysis. Results: Over the course of the SETs horses showed an increase in heart rate, packed cell volume, and [LA]. In all horses VLA2.5 and VLA4.0 increased throughout the 12-week CP, consistent with improved fitness. VLA2.5 increased from 5.9±0.6 to 6.6±0.7m/s (p=0.034) and VLA4.0 from 6.4±0.6 to 7.4±0.6m/s (p=0.011). For each SET there was a trend for CK to increase 2hrs post-exercise, however, this was not significant. There was a trend for the post-warm-up CK and AST to reduce over the 12-week CP (CK: 217±23 to 141±18; AST: 216±13 to 171±11). Principal Conclusions: This lactate-guided CP was effective at increasing fitness in these horses. Submaximal exercise can elevate CK and AST and these changes appear to be attenuated with conditioning.
- Resource Type:
- Poster
- Campus Tesim:
- Pomona
- Department:
- Equine Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences