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- Creator:
- Jaroslovsky, Alan
- Description:
- Intended mainly as a vehicle for rehabilitating draft evaders after the Vietnam War, the Presidential Clemency Board (“PCB”) was largely an orphan of the Ford presidency. Created in the wake of the Nixon pardon as an unpopular compromise between those who opposed any sort of clemency and those who urged a general amnesty, the PCB was plagued by attacks from both the right and the left, internal dissent, and numerous administrative difficulties. Little has been written about the PCB in the four decades since it concluded its work, and those historians who have evaluated it have reached the conclusion that it was largely unsuccessful. Using recently-available records and notes of Ford’s advisors and PCB participants, this thesis will demonstrate that while the PCB did little to accomplish its stated goal of “healing the nation” and was boycotted by the draft evaders who were its primary intended beneficiaries, it was nonetheless a bureaucratic achievement of some note and an incidental success for its least important beneficiaries, common soldiers who had been cast aside by American society.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Sonoma
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Adamo, Edwarda
- Description:
- This thesis is a pedagogical project that considers an alternative use of dramatic films when teaching the crusades from 1095 through 1300. Currently, digital media plays a significant role in everyday life but has yet to be fully utilized within the history classroom. Even with the growing usage of films in the classroom, they still present historians with a variety of issues, specifically the historical drama. This thesis includes a review of current practices regarding film’s use in the history classroom and showcases the adjusted approach through a class syllabus and a project guideline available in the appendices. The adjusted quantity and method of analysis of films allow for significant visual representation and reinforcement of themes while conveying empathy that helps to close the temporal gap.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Marcos
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Plumey, Gina
- Description:
- This thesis examines the significance of marketed visions of the future following the Second World War on the American public. Visions, predictions and forecasted depictions of the world of the future, collectively referred to as futurism, highlighted the ways in which "tomorrow" would improve the quality of life for the average American citizen through innovative transportation methods, sustainable urban environments, space exploration, and other technologies to ease the burdens of daily life. This thesis argues how these visions were used as a tool to promote consumerism, maintain nationalism, and by the late 1950s through the 1960s, stimulate interest in the space program. The later was a government sponsored goal that represented the metaphorical strength of the nation and capitalism as an ideology. On July 20, 1969, two American astronauts landed on the surface of the Moon. For the American population, this moment involved a lead up which predated the creation of NASA and President Kennedy’s announcement of getting American citizens to the Moon before the Soviets. Businesses, media corporations, government agencies, and artists utilized futurism to encourage Americans in their fiscal support, which would aid in these visions becoming a reality. Marketed futurism began in the 1920s and continued through the Second World War. However, the arrival of the Atomic Age, Red Scare tactics, and fears for the national economy during the Cold War, provided an atmosphere which made these visions a plausible reality for the average American. The overtly positive connotations of futurism are in reaction to the altered perceptions of science and technology following the world’s public introduction to nuclear technology. Therefore, the democratization of science in the mid-twentieth century, as well as changes to the public discourse regarding science and technology, provide an important aspect to the contextual equation which explains why futurism was pushed on the public and why Americans were so receptive to it throughout the space age. While this thesis can stand alone as a textual document it was originally composed on the digital platform, Scalar, and is best viewed there with the accompanying media and non-linear structure. Media components and links referenced in this thesis are included in the full site: http://scalar.calstate.edu/american-futurism-in-the-atomic-era/index.
- Resource Type:
- Project
- Campus Tesim:
- San Marcos
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Ess, John
- Description:
- “A Revolutionary Western” and its digital component, “Non-Native Warpaint,” examine the portrayals of American Indians in film and television programs set in the American Revolution, as well as related depictions in the video game Assassin’s Creed III. The historical context of American Indians in the American Revolution is explored alongside media studies that analyze representations of American Indians in Westerns. This study fills a gap in the scholarship on portrayals of American Indians in media set during the American Revolution and integrates games into the discussion. From D.W. Griffith’s “America” in 1924 to Craig Silverstein’s “Turn: Washington’s Spies” on AMC from 2014-2017, American Indians fill only the roles of minor, supporting characters and were most often cast as antagonists. The antagonist roles almost without exception fulfill the “Bad Indian” stereotypes of Native Americans, and the protagonist roles nearly always embody the “Good Indian” stereotypes. Also important is that the vast majority of works do not include American Indians; out of forty-four items of visual media reviewed, only eight have a meaningful level of American Indian representation, and only four of those eight have significant amounts of these depictions. The rule is erasure of Native American existence and participation in the American Revolution, and the exceptions are mostly villainous representations in minor roles. The only Native character that fulfills a leading role as a main character is Ratonhnhaké:ton of the Kanien’kehá:ka nation, and this takes place in the Assassin’s Creed III video game. This thesis argues that Assassin’s Creed III is a revolutionary Western due to the main character’s membership in the Kanien’kehá:ka nation and the foregrounding of the negative situations people of color dealt with during the American Revolution. https://microsites.csusm.edu/nonnativewarpaint/
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Marcos
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Yee, Michael
- Description:
- “From Underground Chinatown to Hall of China” explores the representation of the Chinese and Chinese Americans in San Diego’s two expositions in Balboa Park. The first, the 1915-16 Panama-California Exposition (PCE), degraded the Chinese as the enigmatic “Celestials” and, at the time, the community that composed Chinatown had little agency. The Fun Zone at the PCE featured a demeaning attraction called “Underground Chinatown.” It offered a salacious view of opium users, an imprisoned slave girl, and rampant gambling, all in a maze of vice and subterranean mystery. The attraction was created by out-of-town managers that specialized in admission-pandering attractions. For the second exposition, the 1935-1936 California-Pacific International Exposition (CPIE), the Chinese community exerted more control over their representation. They built their own international cottage as the Hall of China, developed exhibits in the main halls and grounds, and produced the “China Day” festivities. This thesis asserts the Chinese community, both native and foreign born, had built enough economic agency to control their representation at the second exposition. The autonomy and the opportunity to develop better images was also facilitated by overall changes in the relationship between China and the United States. This thesis further argues that a significant Chinese American (second generation) presence was presented along with Chinese culture and traditions. Though discrimination and segregation were still rampant in San Diego and throughout the United States, the economic power that the community had secured between the two expositions allowed the Chinese community to present an image of respectability and build bridges to the white community. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/7f1cfde5d5814bf4a8bdcd582963b3d8
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- San Marcos
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Licon, Adelita.
- Description:
- This thesis explores how guerrilla movements aided in the formation of women's and feminist groups that emerged in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Chiapas, Mexico. The development of feminism has been attributed to women's participation in the guerrilla movements of these regions. Feminism did not originate from women's involvement in guerrilla warfare; instead it grew from gender inequalities that women suffered in these countries. This thesis argues that feminism in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Chiapas, Mexico, derives from historically unbalanced power structures between the genders and cannot be entirely understood as a derivative from the revolutionary struggles in these regions.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Fresno
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Buchanan, Shirley E.
- Description:
- The historical record shows that the expansion of the United States and the fulfillment of an American national paradigm hinged on the interactions and negotiations that were cultivated with native people.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Milam, J. Garth
- Description:
- Late in the summer of 1918, Bakersfield and Kern County was consumed by news of the war in Europe. Many hoped they were nearing the end of the deadliest war in history. But as one tragedy was ending another was just beginning. Today, ninety years after the Spanish Influenza epidemic swept the world, few are aware of the devastation it wrought. In fact, a sort of social amnesia enveloped much of the western world. Bakersfield was no exception. A present day resident of Kern County would not put the 1918 influenza on any list of local disasters. Though when the facts are examined, the Spanish Influenza mortality rate in Bakersfield exceeded every other major city in California. But even Bakersfield’s numbers were dwarfed by two regions of rural Kern County. The rapidly growing towns on the West Side and Oildale, just north of Bakersfield, were bustling, youthful, oil boomtowns. In little more than a decade these non-existent towns grew to contain a third of the county’s population. Sadly, the youth of the boomtowns made the Spanish Influenza even more devastating to these rural communities. In only four months of flu, these towns would loss many times more victims from plague than two years of war. How could such an event not be remembered, memorialized, and indelibly imprinted in our social consciousness? Yet, the influenza of 1918 proved to be much more than a forgotten tragedy in our collective past. It was a physical loss felt by nearly every family in the region. Globally, the effects of four years of war followed by a pandemic that took millions more lives, left twentieth-century society reeling. Kern County dealt with the great loss like the rest of the world; it tried to forget it.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Bakersfield
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Roux II, Richard James
- Description:
- Located at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley of California, Kern County is comprised of over 8000 square miles of desert, mountains, foothills, river and creek bottoms, lakes marsh, and reclaimed land. During the time period of this study- the 1910s to the early 1930s- the economy was largely based on agriculture and the oil industry, drawing a wide variety of people from around the United States, and the world to Kern County for economic opportunities. This study focuses on Prohibition.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Bakersfield
- Department:
- History
- Creator:
- Kurak, Ivana
- Description:
- The author's research began with these questions: How far away from social norms did the hippies go regarding gender roles? Were women ever freed from these expectations? What did family life on the communes look like? This research argues that counterculture women were practicing gender equality through social and economic means resulting from communal living. Mainstream society had regulated gender roles to the public sphere and the domestic sphere. Communes represented a third sphere, a new experimental ground safe from mainstream criticisms and economic pressures. This thesis explores everyday women's lives in the counterculture and the complex roles they created within these new societies. This form of inquiry will help fill the historiographical void that revolves around hippie women living on communes.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- East Bay
- Department:
- History