Discovered in 2004, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-based, bridge-like structures that allow the intercellular transport of cellular components, electrical signals, and pathogens. Thus, TNTs have been implicated in viral propagation, neurodegener . . .

Research on animal movement patterns and factors that influence these patterns is vital to conservation of endangered species. The California Red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) is a threatened species native to California. Their rapid decline has been l . . .

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the ways in which working-class Kānaka Hawai’i (Hawaiian) immigrants in the nineteenth century repurposed and repackaged precontact Hawai’i strategies of accommodation and resistance in their migration towards . . .

Volunteering is a dynamic force in the management of a nonprofit organization. In order for a nonprofit organization to run effectively the management of volunteers is important. Nonprofit organizations play a large part in the structuring of the comm . . .

The purpose of this policy analysis is to defined to my readers how truancy is define statewide; and explain school districts’ truancy polices in a variety of States; and compare Panama Buena Vista and Bakersfield City Schools truancy rates. Also expl . . .

The Kern County School Threat Assessment Taskforce (KCSTAT) was formed to establish partnerships, review current policies, procedures, for site security and threat assessments to identify resources and introduce key personnel to protect, detour and mi . . .

The literature and drama of the long eighteenth century is overpopulated with nuns, and they are all transgressors of patriarchal society in one way or another. These nuns are all vow-breakers, fornicators, and fallen women; whether they were ruined a . . .

Although significantly lower than the state average, Delano High School administration seeks to eliminate the dropout rate by developing an intervention program that motivates at-risk students to want to succeed in the class room and in life. Many neg . . .

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of video modeling to teach a group of children with moderate and severe disabilities the self-help and functional skill procedure for getting lunch in the cafeteria, and t . . .

A clear gap exists in the availability of quantitative data regarding characteristics for determining the likelihood that individuals will self-identify as allies to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. Many studies have provi . . .

In this study, eleven Evangelical Christian pastors participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews regarding the occurrence of dishonesty within the Senior Pastor-Associate pastor relationship that exists in the local church congregation. The res . . .

Facebook is the biggest social network site with 1.23 billion monthly users as of 2013. It has generated much attention from users because of its connection qualities, causing large online networks to emerge. These online networks, however, are differ . . .

In the play of Othello, Shakespeare perfectly explores the issue of racial tension that existed in the Elizabethan era. Othello, a loyal soldier and the protagonist of the play, appears as an outsider in Venice because of his dark skin; he is repeated . . .

Welding is the plastic deformation of pyroclastic material in response to high post-emplacement temperatures, load stresses, and to a lesser extent, retained volatile content. There are few field studies pertaining to the use of physical properties in . . .

In this study, I examine the relationship between parental marital status and social exclusion among parents. Existing literature identifies parental marital status as an influential factor to socioeconomic status, but does not identify whether or not . . .

This paper is dedicated to improving the classroom experience of students enrolled in writing courses one level below university level composition. Everyone's goal is persistence and completion. The question this paper seeks to answer is, what do inst . . .

Intended mainly as a vehicle for rehabilitating draft evaders after the Vietnam War, the Presidential Clemency Board (“PCB”) was largely an orphan of the Ford presidency. Created in the wake of the Nixon pardon as an unpopular compromise between those . . .

The operation and functionality of working Sn and Bi based perovskite solar cell devices have been simulated using the Generalized Photovoltaic Device Model and compared against different Pb-based devices. The results are highly promising in that they . . .

Existing literature confirms that the substitution of mineral aggregates with tire- derived aggregate (TDA) increases the ductility and toughness of concrete. This paper investigates the application of TDA concrete in buckling-restrained braced frames . . .

This study seeks to understand the experience of monolingual Spanish-speaking parents in regard to parental involvement in the education of their children in the San Joaquin Valley. Using a phenomenological approach, this study examined the narratives . . .

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have been recently discovered as an essential form of cell-cell communication in multicellular organisms. Although TNTs appear to be an important cell-cell signaling pathway, its mechanism of formation and functions are st . . .

Melancholy, enigmatic, haunting, spectral. These are words often used to describe W.G. Sebald’s prose style. Critics and lay readers who find themselves enmeshed in Sebald’s enchanting, dark web of words sometimes find his work difficult to categorize . . .

Although the evidence suggests that bison were consistently taken by aboriginal hunters on the eastern Snake River Plain throughout the Holocene, quantitative faunal analyses indicate that bison were taken in modest numbers. However, Owl Cave is an ex . . .

With the ever-present demand the new Common Core State Standards are placing on various educational stakeholders, the instructional community is seeking pedagogical strategies to utilize in their classrooms. Strategies applied by the AVID program (Adv . . .

The purpose of this study is to compare the genetic distances of Mimetus hesperus and Theridion neomexicanum within and between the San Joaquin Valley and Mojave Valley regions. To my best knowledge this is the first genetic study of M. hesperus. Moun . . .

Shallower/deeper lake levels at Summer Lake, OR, coincide with colder/warmer air temperatures at millennial time scales throughout the northern hemisphere between the end of Heinrich Event 4 (~38 ka) and the end of the intensity low associated with th . . .

In the United States there are over 500,000 children in foster care. The state of California ranks among the highest in the nation with approximately 100,000 foster children --children of all ages, backgrounds and varying needs that have been removed . . .

Proposition 36 (2000 General Election) was passed by California voters on November 7, 2000. The proposition is also known as the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act of 2000 (SACPA). The significance of the Act is to save the tax payer’s dollars b . . .

The Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta or Delta is 700,000 acres of pure magic. It is versatile and serves multiple purposes. The Delta has been the heart of the California water system since its inception. Over time, the Delta has suffered from ove . . .

This Applied Research Study identifies complex regulation as one of the key factors in the recent trend for businesses to relocate outside of California. Since the field of regulation is exceptionally intricate, the study focuses on environmental-rela . . .

In October 1999, California Governor Gray Davis signed into law Assembly Bill 537. The law amends the California Education Code and mandates prohibiting discrimination against students and staff on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, ap . . .

Parental Involvement in student education has been studied by scholars for many years, focusing on key features, such as, race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status, that have been found to affect parents participation in their child’s education, the . . .

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) of carbon dioxide (CO2) from high emission point-source sites such as power plants is one strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mobilize residual hydrocarbon in reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery. Thi . . .

Two competing hypotheses suggest different directions of fluvial transport during deposition of the late Miocene Kern River Formation. The first proposes that the Kern River Formation was deposited by west-flowing channels of the Kern River and the se . . .

Depleting oil and gas fields are ideal storage sites for atmospheric carbon dioxide because of their large capacities and proven ability to retain fluids for millions of years. In addition, the CO2, when injected at depths greater than 3000 feet, can . . .

The Blainville's Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma blainvillii) is endemic to California and ranges from northern California (Butte County), to the northwestern tip of Baja California in the southern part of its range, west of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and . . .

The street gang problem in Kern County most certainly affects all residents; making criminal street gang activity a public problem. In Bakersfield, the statistics show that gang related gun violence is burdening society with devastating social and fi . . .

In most temperate coniferous forests, the vast majority of vascular plant species richness can be found in the understory layer. While the large-scale conversion of forests to plantations has made it increasingly important to understand how understory . . .

Elk habitat use and group size were studied during winter and spring near Grass Lake in Siskiyou County, California, from September 1982 through June 1984. Habitat use was based on visual observations of elk from December 1982 through June 1983 and De . . .

Bacterial second messenger, c-di-GMP, regulates important functions such as biofilm formation, motility, and virulence. C-di-GMP also has an immunostimulatory property, so can be used as a vaccine adjuvant. In this project, DgcZ (a diguanylate cycla . . .

Feminist rhetoric often looks back in history to find instances of women’s voices in writings, but for my thesis, I argue the importance of looking at modern forms of feminist rhetoric in academia. I am specifically looking at what I term as Rouge Fem . . .

Successful reentry is essential to our country, as the economic and societal costs of high incarceration and recidivism rates are significant. Though a large body of research examines the topics of recidivism and prisoner reentry, less research focuse . . .

The Vedder Formation (Oligocene) and Eocene sands at the Greeley oil field consist of arkosic to subarkosic arenites and graywackes. Grain size ranges from fine to coarse sand and the sands vary from poorly to well sorted. Burial depths of the Vedder . . .

The purpose of this project was to research all of the community agencies in Bakersfield and Antelope Valley and create an agency guide. The guide will contain agency contact information, a description of the agency, the resources the agency provides, . . .

The rising cost of living among the majority of industrialized nations across the world requires the majority of the parents to return to work while the children are young. According to a report published by the Organization of Economic Cooperation an . . .

There are over 8 million people who are living in poverty in California. Policy makers have struggled to comprehend why the poverty rate has been increasingly high in recent years and how to reverse this negative cycle. There are current anti-poverty . . .

Cyber bullying is a dangerous phenomenon that is increasing along with the new appearance of digital media. Our government has made several attempts to prevent all forms of harassment or bullying during some decades. Several states, including Californ . . .

The Bakersfield Association of REALTORS® has experienced challenges in recent years with the current method of communicating information to members about events and dues billing assessments. This problem has led to lower attendance at Association even . . .

The region occupied by the Chumash of south-central California were divided into sub-groups who occupied different territories and spoke separate, but related languages. The Cuyama sub-group occupied the Cuyama Valley and the surrounding hills and mou . . .

California had to make changes. With an economic downturn and the Supreme Court poised to order our overcrowded prisons to reduce population, Governor Brown signed into law AB 109. It was enacted in April of 2011 and went into effect October 1, 2011. . . .

In response to United States Supreme Court ordered to reduce the population in its seriously overcrowded prisons. California as October 1, 2011 began implementing Realignment Act Assembly Bill 109. The projected plan shifts the responsibility for non- . . .

In 2003, the red light photo enforcement system was implemented in Bakersfield under the supervision of the Bakersfield Police Department, thereby enacting a system to deter red light running and the subsequent intersection collisions. Although the sy . . .

Student government organizations within higher education systems serve as the official voice for students attending any designated institution. Student government organizations are put in place for the purpose of representing higher education institut . . .

Kern County public high school student-athletes are an underdeveloped population in California. They need an efficient transition process that is concentrated on gaining access to postsecondary education opportunities through sports participations. Th . . .

The purpose of this research study is to examine the factors behind the low rates among Latinos in postsecondary education in California in comparison to other ethnic groups. Some of the findings indicate that this gap exists because of problems with . . .

Aging and age-related diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, and cardiovascular diseases, are incredibly complex and result from multifactorial processes. However, a common hallmark in development of these diseases is the failure of the body’s antioxi . . .

Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete with a high porosity which contains very few or no fine aggregates. It is also known as Porous or Permeable Concrete. Pervious Concrete is distinguished as a best management practice (BMP) as it allows p . . .

This work addresses the application of capillary electrophoresis coupled to a hybrid mass spectrometer (CESI-MS/MS), to investigate agricultural related chemistry issues. Fumigations are routinely used on pre and post-harvest commodities. With the lat . . .

Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) consists of hundreds of toxins. Many of these toxins such as 1,3-Butadiene and Ethylene oxide are known to cause cancer. The health effects of SHS are well known; however, the effects of environmentally-aged sidestream . . .

This culminating project focuses on program evaluation by looking at pharmacy drive-through efficiency. The study was non-experimental and used both qualitative and quantitative data. Context analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze the g . . .

One of the biggest problems facing incoming freshmen in American colleges today is lack of preparation in appropriate reading, writing, and critical thinking skills. These abilities are necessary for success not only in college but also in the profess . . .

Background: In 2013, there were a total of82 children that had a recurrence of maltreatment within 6 months in the county of Tulare. The goal of Tulare County CWS is to reduce and prevent recurrence of maltreatment. Tulare County Child Welfare Service . . .

The California Assembly Bill 109 Program Evaluation Thesis evaluated the overall effectiveness of the Public Safety Realignment Act. It noted the key objectives the legislation attempts to accomplish. The California Department of Corrections and Rehab . . .

Arvin is mainly composed of a migrant farm labor Spanish-speaking community. These community members make up parents of Arvin’s youth and they are the key to keeping the youth gang and crime free. By teaching these parents a focused gang prevention an . . .

In this study, information regarding the demographics, geography, and economy of Saudi Arabia is discussed to give overall background information about Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Arabian healthcare system and structure is discussed in more detail includi . . .

The healthcare system in El Salvador is perceived as a fundamental human right that falls under the responsibility of the government. Based on this principle, the government of El Salvador promotes a public healthcare model that provides not only heal . . .

The Integrated Health Care Organization referenced in this paper has a service unit known as the Patient Representatives. The role was created as part of strategic planning to improve the overall service level provided throughout the organization. Pat . . .

Compared to the United States, little or nothing is known about prenatal care and childbearing globally. The United States has its own health care system standards when it comes to prenatal care and delivery. What is known about the process of prenata . . .

Ensuring the adequate care and treatment of mothers and their newborns has been a nationwide goal for the better part of the last five years. Specifically the reduction in early elective deliveries throughout the U.S. and Dignity Health’s current syst . . .

New employee orientation programs have shown to socialize newcomers to the company, in addition to increasing their knowledge, skills, and abilities. It is considered to be an essential part of an employee’s development (Acevedo & Yancey, 2011). Accor . . .

The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of job related stress and organizational stress on negative coping behaviors in police officers. It was hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between job related stress and organizat . . .

Wraparound services serve to support children/youth with remaining in a family setting. This study examines the level of the Kern County Aspiranet Wraparound Program in improving life domain functioning for children/youth and parents/ planned permanen . . .

Healthcare organizations must meet the medical needs of the population and in order to meet those needs, accreditation covers the Institute of Medicine’s six aims for improving healthcare services for patients: safe, effective, patient-centered, timel . . .

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) otherwise known as “crib death”, and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths (SUIDs) were to be the focus of this study, and the research was to review steps that Kern County should do to reduce these rates, however it was . . .

This program proposal examines the current circumstances affecting emancipated foster youth transitioning into adulthood. Specifically, it deals with foster care youth who reside in the state of California. A disproportionate number of children in the . . .

When President William “Bill” Clinton signed the Violent Crime and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, the bill added 100,000 more police officers into already fragile low-income American communities. Now, 21 years later, the National Academy of Sciences, es . . .

Human trafficking is the fastest growing criminal enterprise and is among the top three crimes globally (Couch, 2015). Human sex trafficking of domestic minors is the act of forcing children under the age of 18 to partake in sexual acts in the United . . .

The gender wage gap has managed to maintain a significant and persistent presence throughout history. When considering the significant strides women have made in terms of social and economic status, and the importance of gender equality, there has bee . . .

This research project will commence with the description of the health system in Saudi Arabia. This involves the history of health care in Saudi Arabia and how it has devolved to usher in the EHRs. Secondly, the research will address the significant t . . .

The purpose of this research study is to design a program proposal to address bullying in schools. Bullying issues are no longer viewed as isolated events that only occur at school, nor is bullying considered to be an experience that is simply a part . . .

Prostate cancer has continued to plague the globe as the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. To date, there are no effective treatments towards metastatic, advanced prostate cancer. Fisetin, a natural strawberry flavonoid, has been reveal . . .

Mélanges consist of blocks hosted within a finer matrix. These blocks may record homogenous pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions or a wide range of P-T conditions. Researchers generally conclude that mélanges with isofacial peak P-T conditions record . . .

Coaching purpose defines why coaches do what they do, reflects coaches’ fundamental reasons for being a coach, and represents their motivations for coaching. Quality coaching means teaching life skills and valuable life lessons through sports with the . . .

Mennonites living in Russia at the start of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 entered into a climate of almost relentless violence. Mennonites are a Protestant group that formed during the 16th century Reformation. Long-term psychological implications . . .

Keto-enol tautomerism is a fundamental concept that examines the migration of a proton amongst two constitutional isomers, the keto and enol tautomer. β-diketones are a class of ketone compounds that exhibit this type of behavior. Acetylacetone (AcAc) . . .

The Social Security Administration has long been a popular subject with regard to benefits running out. Baby boomers are retiring and collecting their Social Security benefits that they have earned; but there are not enough people working today contri . . .

Dual diagnosis, two disorders occurring simultaneously was “first identified in the 1980s”. Today the term is most commonly referred to as co-occurring disorder (COD). COD greatly impacts a small number of individuals diagnosed with IDD and mental ill . . .

Immunity to natural pertussis disease is not life-long and neither is the vaccine that has been developed and utilized to protect individuals from contracting this disease. For decades, a whole cell pertussis vaccine was used to combat disease with di . . .

In 1965, the Older American Act was the first federal legislation which aimed to provide a variety of services to seniors ages 60 and above (Administration on Aging, 2006). As a part of this legislation, the National Aging Network (which includes the . . .

Russian Peak, at an elevation of 8200 feet, is situ­ated in the Salmon Mountains, a north-south trending range centrally located within the Klamath Region of northwest­ern California. The Salmon Mountains are drained by the Scott River on the east and . . .

Clearcut logging of numerous small stands of trees over the last fifteen years has provided suitable areas for the study of early secondary plant succession on the western slope of the central Sierra Nevada mountains. Familiarity with early succession . . .

The use of standardized achievement tests flourishes in the American educational landscape. First developed in the United States by Joseph Mayer Rice in the 1880's, the standardized test has one primary function, to compare the efforts of an exa . . .

Six species of Simulium larvae found in the Kings River near Piedra, Fresno County, California, are described. The black fly larvae and pupae were reared in the laboratory for taxonomic association of the immature instars, the pupae and the adults. . . .

Gibson and Levin (1976) have reported that the study of reading can be divided into three distinct time periods on the basis of general approach. For the first period, starting around the turn of the century until around 1925, the list of those . . .

Nitidulid beetles have been recognized as major pests of figs In California since 1900 (Simmons et al., 1931). Early workers were concerned primarily with Carpophllus hemlpterus (Linnaeus), the dried-fruit beetle, as the principal nitidulid pest ( . . .

This study investigated the effects of attitudes toward and knowledge of overpopulation and sexism on childbearing and adoption attitudes. The subjects were 131 students drawn from three high school sophomore and three college sophomore classes. Subje . . .

Shakespeare's poetic dramas mark the height in the evolution of a form that had begun with the dramatizations of the medieval mystery plays, and they have a power that has not been realized in the genre since. We may describe this power as the capacit . . .

During the past five years of coaching and teaching, the writer has been aware of the importance of unity among team members in women's intercollegiate athletics. Observation has indicated that groups which appear to be more unified also perform mo . . .