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- Creator:
- Slepian, Michael L., Young, Steven G., Rutchick, Abraham M., and Ambady, Nalini
- Description:
- In the card game of poker, players attempt to disguise cues to the quality of their hand, either by concealment (e.g., adopting the well-known, expressionless "poker face") or by deception. Recent work, however, demonstrates that motor actions can sometimes betray intentions. The same action can have different movement dynamics depending on the underlying intention (Becchio, Sartori, & Castiello, 2010), and these subtle differences can be decoded by observers (Becchio, Manera, Sartori, Cavallo, & Castiello, 2012; Sartori, Becchio, & Castiello, 2011). Thus, professional poker players' intentions may be visible from their actions while moving poker chips to place bets. Even though professional players may be able to regulate their facial expressions, their motor actions could betray the quality of their poker hand. In three studies, we tested this hypothesis by examining observers' perceptions of poker-hand quality. We also examined individual differences in sensitivity to nonverbal behavior and potential diagnostic motor behaviors as cues to hand quality.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0956-7976
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Creator:
- Singer, Robert N., Williams, A. Mark, and Frehlich, Shane G.
- Description:
- Skilled (n = 12) and less skilled (n = 12) billiards players participated in 2 experiments in which the relationship between quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity was examined in a near and a far aiming task. Quiet eye was defined as the final fixation on the target prior to the initiation of movement. In Experiment 1, skilled performers exhibited longer fixations on the target (quiet eye) during the preparation phase of the action than their less skilled counterparts did. Quiet eye duration increased as a function of shot difficulty and was proportionally longer on successful than on unsuccessful shots for both groups of participants. In Experiment 2, participants executed shots under 3 different time-constrained conditions in which quiet eye periods were experimentally manipulated. Shorter quiet eye periods resulted in poorer performance, irrespective of participant skill level. The authors argue that quiet eye duration represents a critical period for movement programming in the aiming response.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0022-2895
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Creator:
- Bourne, Lyle E., Healy, Alice F., and Wohldmann, Erica
- Description:
- When some perceptual-motor relationships are reversed, participants might adopt a global inhibition strategy that replaces all normal movements with reversed movements. In two experiments, participants practiced moving a cursor from a start position to target locations. In a perceptual-motor reversal condition, in which horizontal but not vertical movements were reversed, participants were trained to move only to certain locations. Testing involved moving to all locations under the same reversal condition. Training on a subset of locations yielded partial transfer to untrained locations. These results support a global inhibition hypothesis modified to include both midcourse corrective movements and training specificity.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0090-502X, 1532-5946
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Creator:
- Poinsett, Sue Zee
- Description:
- The purpose of this investigation was to develop a valid and reliable survey instrument designed to measure Movement Readiness and, with this instrument, to compare measurements of Movement Readiness to other related measures, such as grade evaluations, physical characteristics, family size and responses to two selected survey questions concerning feelings about self and worries. An aspect of Body Image, called Movement Readiness, was isolated and defined from a review of pertinent literature, and certain Body Image affectors were selected, which served as bases for the development of the Movement Readiness Survey. The survey was developed, and validity and reliability were determined. It was then administered to 354 junior high school girls, scored, and the data obtained was examined to determine if significant relationships existed. It was concluded from the findings of this study that a valid and reliable survey instrument could be developed, and that statistically significant relationships did not exist between measurements of Movement Readiness and: a) Physical Education grade, b) academic achievement, c) physical characteristics, and d) family size. Patterns of descending Movement Readiness Survey scores corresponded with descending Physical Education grades and overall grade point averages in the seventh and eighth grades. Also, at all three grade levels, girls with height-weight adjusted measures closer to the average scored better on the Movement Readiness Survey. A statistically significant difference was found between Movement Readiness Survey scores and feelings about self. It was further concluded that, even though statistically significant relationships were not found, the Movement Readiness Survey provided a means of obtaining a usable quantity of detailed and varied information concerning student feelings about self and attitudes toward movement.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Department:
- Kinesiology
- Creator:
- Singer, Robert N., Williams, A. Mark, and Frehlich, Shane G.
- Description:
- Skilled (n = 12) and less skilled (n = 12) billiards players participated in 2 experiments in which the relationship between quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity was examined in a near and a far aiming task. Quiet eye was defined as the final fixation on the target prior to the initiation of movement. In Experiment 1, skilled performers exhibited longer fixations on the target (quiet eye) during the preparation phase of the action than their less skilled counterparts did. Quiet eye duration increased as a function of shot difficulty and was proportionally longer on successful than on unsuccessful shots for both groups of participants. In Experiment 2, participants executed shots under 3 different time-constrained conditions in which quiet eye periods were experimentally manipulated. Shorter quiet eye periods resulted in poorer performance, irrespective of participant skill level. The authors argue that quiet eye duration represents a critical period for movement programming in the aiming response.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0022-2895
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge