Oak woodlands are a fixture of California geography, yet as recently as 10,000 years ago, oaks were only a minor element in the landscape. In this paper, I review the long-term history of California oaks, beginning with the Tertiary fossil record from . . .

This paper is the second in a two-part review of the history of California oak woodlands. Part I reviewed the paleoecologic record, and here the Native American and Historic periods are documented. The open oak woodlands described in the accounts of S . . .