The existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) postulates that tumors are organized as a cellular hierarchy and that tumor initiation, growth and cellular heterogeneity are driven by a subset of cells with stem cell like properties. The CSCs are endowed wit . . .

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common malignancy diagnosed in children. High-risk leukemia patients have poor outcomes despite advancements in chemotherapy treatments. Due to current therapy dose limitations, toxicities to normal cells, long . . .

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) is considered the earliest form of breast cancer where cells that appear malignant develop into benign heterogneous lesions confined within the epithelial membrane, yet progression to invasive ductal carcinoma frequentl . . .

Many if not all tumors are highly heterogeneous, consisting of several populations of cells including cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs, functionally defined by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and the expression of various cell surface markers, ar . . .