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- Creator:
- Lee, Junghyun and Pillai, Rajnandini
- Description:
- Using a longitudinal design in a non-western context, this study found that transformational leadership at Time 1 positively influenced followers' perceptions of ethical leadership at Time 2, mediated by procedural justice. Further, this mediated relationship was moderated by followers' power-distance orientation. Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0065-0668
- Campus Tesim:
- San Marcos
- Creator:
- Henige, Kimberly
- Description:
- The purpose of this investigation was to compare student attitudes toward two different science laboratory learning experiences, specifically, traditional, cookbook-style, low-inquiry level (LL) activities and a high-inquiry level (HL) investigative project. In addition, we sought to measure and compare students' science-related attitudes and attitudes toward science. Students participated in 5 wk of LL activities followed by a 5-wk HL project. An open-ended survey administered at the end of the semester and analyzed by a χ(2)-test revealed that 1) students enjoyed the HL project more than the LL activities, 2) high-level inquiry did not have a negative effect on student motivation in the laboratory, and 3) students perceived that they learned more about physiology principles with the LL activities. Most students liked the HL project, particularly the independence, responsibility, freedom, and personal relevance. Of the students who did not like the HL project, many reported being uncomfortable with the lack of structure and guidance. Many students gained a more positive and realistic view about scientific research, often reporting an increased respect for science. Likert scale surveys administered before and after each 5-wk period showed no significant changes in student attitudes to scientific inquiry, adoption of scientific attitudes, enjoyment of science lessons, or motivation toward science when the three time points were compared. The findings in this study have helped to provide suggestions for better implementation of HL projects in the future.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 1522-1229, 1043-4046
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Creator:
- Kaites, Valerie
- Description:
- Adults ages 18-30 spend an estimated ten hours a week on social media accounts (Sales, 2018). According to Perloff (2014), the media plays a huge role in the negative communication of cultural stereotypes about aesthetics of body image. It was hypothesized that social media messages have a negative effect on men age's 25-30 self-perception of their body attributes. The population was a convenience sample of men ages 25-30. The total number of respondents whom completed the survey were 25 men. A survey was constructed to collect data on current men's view and their perception of body attributes, through social media messages. Participation in the survey was anonymous and voluntary. In order to determine if the hypothesis, stating that social media messages have a negative effect on males' self-perception of their body attributes who are between the ages of 25-30, a Person's Chi-Square was conducted to test the significance of the data. The results of the Chi-Square test concluded that the data collected was shown to be insignificant. Analyzing the descriptive statistics of the data also showed that there was no impact on males, due to the sample size. Findings highlight how there was no negative effect between social media messages and men's self-perception of their body attributes.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Department:
- Social Work
- Creator:
- Marin, Andrew
- Description:
- Random events seen within our external environment, when repeated, tend to exhibit statistical regularity. Past research suggests both bottom-up and top-down mechanisms are involved in the documented relation between spatial attention and emotion. Research also suggests the same for achromatic perception and emotion. In this study, we investigated potential low-level behavioral mechanisms underling the relation between achromatic perception (e.g. black and white) and vertical spatial attention (e.g. bottom and top). Thirty participants were tested in a spatial configuration search task that was programmed using the computer software program MATLAB. The task was to locate a single target "T" amongst twelve distracter "Ls". The background (e.g. black and white) and location of the target (e.g. top and bottom of the display) varied trial to trial. Results show a significant interaction between the background color and target location in terms of reaction time, F(1, 29) = 15.57, p = .001, partial η2 = .35. Participants were significantly faster in identifying a bottom target when cued with a black screen compared to a white screen. Participants were also faster in identifying a top target when cued with a white screen compared to a black screen. There were also significant main effects of location, F(1, 29) = 5.59, p = .025, partial η2 = .16, but not of background, F(1, 29) = 2.44, p = .129, partial η2 = .08. In order to follow up on these significant findings, a second experiment was conducted in order to separate the co-occurrence of the black and white backgrounds from the visual search task, which returned no significant findings. Theoretical implications are discussed as well as future directions that are in line for the next phase of data collection. Taken together, these results suggest an implicit relationship between achromatic perception and vertical spatial attention. Keywords: Visual & Spatial Attention, Statistical Regularities, Achromatic Perception, Natural Scene Statistics
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Department:
- Psychology
- Creator:
- Singer, Robert N., Williams, A. Mark, and Frehlich, Shane G.
- Description:
- Skilled (n = 12) and less skilled (n = 12) billiards players participated in 2 experiments in which the relationship between quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity was examined in a near and a far aiming task. Quiet eye was defined as the final fixation on the target prior to the initiation of movement. In Experiment 1, skilled performers exhibited longer fixations on the target (quiet eye) during the preparation phase of the action than their less skilled counterparts did. Quiet eye duration increased as a function of shot difficulty and was proportionally longer on successful than on unsuccessful shots for both groups of participants. In Experiment 2, participants executed shots under 3 different time-constrained conditions in which quiet eye periods were experimentally manipulated. Shorter quiet eye periods resulted in poorer performance, irrespective of participant skill level. The authors argue that quiet eye duration represents a critical period for movement programming in the aiming response.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0022-2895
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Creator:
- Lagana, Luciana and Reger, Stacy Lynne
- Description:
- The authors examined whether selected demographic and psychological factors would predict physical health dimensions in a sample of 53 cognitively high-functioning and ethnically diverse women (age 65-15).
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 1360-7863
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Creator:
- Fliers, Amani J. A.
- Description:
- ….. in the spirit of M. Proust, I acknowledge that “the real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes…” (1871 – 1922). The media I have investigated are photography and painting. In photography, the sequential and fragmentary aspect of the camera, its use as an extension of the brush or pencil, i.e. tool, to provide structural formations, have been explored. Multiple viewpoints, angles, distortions, characteristic of the camera, can be applied to more fully experience an object observed in space. The dual nature of the camera (positive/negative) is symbolized in the sections left out and those included. Through unfamiliar juxtapositions, our perception, based on the familiar, is both disoriented and directed in an integrated way of seeing, including a kinesthetic sense. By using the landscape and familiar objects, an identification of the observer with my point of view is promoted. Each individual part is a completed image, yet the work is to be read as a whole. In painting, the emotional quality and fluidity of paint complements, for me, the impersonal photographic materials of chemicals plastic. By superimposing the camera-image over paint, I reversed the process used until now. This has opened up new possibilities for photography as well as painting. To keep the integrity of the plastic allowing the wall to become part of the work. The motivation behind this methodology stems from my interest in the subjective/objective nature of perception. Perception relies largely on relations rather than absolutes. In sensory experience generalities precede particulars, the organization of which takes place in the mind. The perceptual transaction in itself is fundamentally an innovative act, i.e. thinking. A prerequisite of our ability to think is the construction of internal representations of external events; mental simulation thus is the essence of thought. A nexus between art, especially photography, and the psychology of perception seems like a natural process. Through photographic reconstruction empirically based facts, the ultimate purpose of art is to develop a more conscious and intimate approach to the myriad of processes going on inside as well as outside our bodies. This includes the notion of being part of something far greater than ourselves, a concept called “Satori” in Zen Buddhism…
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Department:
- Art
- Creator:
- Gomez, Araceli
- Description:
- Adults ages 18-30 spend an estimated ten hours a week on social media accounts (Sales, 2018). According to Perloff (2014), the media plays a huge role in the negative communication of cultural stereotypes about aesthetics of body image. It was hypothesized that social media messages have a negative effect on men age's 25-30 self-perception of their body attributes. The population was a convenience sample of men ages 25-30. The total number of respondents whom completed the survey were 25 men. A survey was constructed to collect data on current men's view and their perception of body attributes, through social media messages. Participation in the survey was anonymous and voluntary. In order to determine if the hypothesis, stating that social media messages have a negative effect on males' self-perception of their body attributes who are between the ages of 25-30, a Person's Chi-Square was conducted to test the significance of the data. The results of the Chi-Square test concluded that the data collected was shown to be insignificant. Analyzing the descriptive statistics of the data also showed that there was no impact on males, due to the sample size. Findings highlight how there was no negative effect between social media messages and men's self-perception of their body attributes.
- Resource Type:
- Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Department:
- Social Work
- Creator:
- Singer, Robert N., Williams, A. Mark, and Frehlich, Shane G.
- Description:
- Skilled (n = 12) and less skilled (n = 12) billiards players participated in 2 experiments in which the relationship between quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity was examined in a near and a far aiming task. Quiet eye was defined as the final fixation on the target prior to the initiation of movement. In Experiment 1, skilled performers exhibited longer fixations on the target (quiet eye) during the preparation phase of the action than their less skilled counterparts did. Quiet eye duration increased as a function of shot difficulty and was proportionally longer on successful than on unsuccessful shots for both groups of participants. In Experiment 2, participants executed shots under 3 different time-constrained conditions in which quiet eye periods were experimentally manipulated. Shorter quiet eye periods resulted in poorer performance, irrespective of participant skill level. The authors argue that quiet eye duration represents a critical period for movement programming in the aiming response.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0022-2895
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Creator:
- Brain, Flora H.
- Description:
- Wild Pacific salmon populations are declining throughout California. To strengthen applied salmonid restoration ecology, increased watershed-based understandings of socio-cultural issues thwarting recovery efforts are needed. This study explored perceptions of viabilities of threatened Mattole River salmonids and feelings concerning current human-fish interactions among local residents and fishermen. This qualitative research employed a social constructivist framework and phenomenological orientation. Narrative empirical evidence from lived experience is presented in conjunction with semi-structured interview data from watershed residents, salmon restorationists, poachers, and catch and release fishermen. While many perceive that Mattole coho salmon are facing extinction and consider Chinook salmon’s future nearly as tenuous, a minority of residents believe that Mattole River salmon are abundant. The latter approve and defend salmon poaching, whereas the majority strongly condemns it. Feelings are modulated by perceived threats to the fish runs, and by local identity. Poaching is justified through use of certain neutralization techniques, primarily condemnation of the local nonprofit salmon organization, and claims of local entitlement. The ways people view restoration efforts, poaching, and catch and release fishing in the Mattole River are affected by socio-cultural influences, which constitute barriers to collaborative restoration. Joint fact-finding and listening are among recommendations for trust-building techniques designed to increase recognition of the shared desire for abundant salmon and foster civic response to poaching. The major aim of this research is to inspire improved collaborative and interdisciplinary efforts to address the more significant challenges to salmon recovery, in the Mattole River and beyond.
- Resource Type:
- Masters Thesis
- Campus Tesim:
- Humboldt
- Department:
- Environment and Community