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- Creator:
- Juergens, Hans W, Takasaki, Yuji, and Loy, Steven F.
- Description:
- The present study compared the regression equations of bioelectrical impedance on body size among various groups to investigate potential differences due to ethnicity. Data consisted of 30 Japanese and 28 Caucasoid subjects, and other groups of Aborigines, Danes, Melanesians and Polynesians from literature. The relationship between impedance and body weight fot the groups showed the ethnic difference. In the regression equations for Japanese and Caucasoid, a statistically significant difference was observed between both groups. The regression equation for Japanese was lower in the elevation. This seemed to be attributable to differences in the volume of fat-free mass for the same body build, configuration of the body, and fat-free mass density.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 1880-6791, 1880-6805
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Creator:
- Drew, Stefanie A., Chase, Christopher, Escobar, Amy, Borsting, Eric, and Liu, Chunming
- Description:
- The purpose of this study is to examine the potential relationship between tonic accommodation (TA), near work induced TA-adaptation and the steady state closed-loop accommodation response (AR). Forty-two graduate students participated in the study. Various aspects of their accommodation system were objectively measured using an open-field infrared auto-refractor (Grand Seiko WAM-5500). Tonic accommodation was assessed in a completely dark environment. The association between TA and closed-loop AR was assessed using linear regression correlations and t-test comparisons. Initial mean baseline TA was 1.84 diopter (D) (SD ± 1.29 D) with a wide distribution range (−0.43 D to 5.14 D). For monocular visual tasks, baseline TA was significantly correlated with the closed-loop AR. The slope of the best fit line indicated that closed-loop AR varied by approximately 0.3 D for every 1 D change in TA. This ratio was consistent across a variety of viewing distances and different near work tasks, including both static targets and continuous reading. Binocular reading conditions weakened the correlation between baseline TA and AR, although results remained statistically significant. The 10 min near reading task with a 3 D demand did not reveal significant near work induced TA-adaptation for either monocular or binocular conditions. Consistently, the TA-adaptation did not show any correlation with AR during reading. This study found a strong association between open-loop TA and closed-loop AR across a variety of viewing distances and different near work tasks. Difference between the correlations under monocular and binocular reading condition suggests a potential role for vergence compensation during binocular closed-loop AR.
- Resource Type:
- Article
- Identifier:
- 0042-6989
- Campus Tesim:
- Northridge
- Creator:
- Simon, Steven R., Day, Shelley, Volkan, Kevin, Berti, David, and Bui, Anh
- Description:
- Rationale, aims and objectives: A valid tool to measure clinical competency early in medical school could identify students who may require special educational attention. The overall aim is to assess the relationship between students’ scores on an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) given in the second year of medical school and their subsequent performance on Step 2 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE Step 2). Methods: Participants were 390 second-year medical students participating in a required OSCE; complete data (Medical College Admission Test, OSCE, USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 scores) were available for 340 students (87%). Univariate correlations and linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Total OSCE score was moderately correlated with USMLE Step 2 score (r = 0.395, P < 0.001), as were two skills subscores of the OSCE, differential diagnosis (r = 0.343, P< 0.001) and identification of abnormality (r = 0.322, P < 0.001). In linear regression analysis, neither OSCE total score nor any of the subscores independently predicted Step 2 scores; only Step 1 score (β = 0.687, P < 0.001) and female sex (β= 0.152, P < 0.001) remained independent correlates of Step 2 score. Conclusion: OSCEs early in medical school can be useful in the early assessment of clinical competence.
- Resource Type:
- Postprint
- Campus Tesim:
- Channel Islands