Evaluating the Recent Reproductive Success of the Endangered Pinus torreyana ssp. insularis

Torrey Pines ( Pinus torreyana & Pinus torreyana ssp. insularis) = rarest pine species in North America, limited to Del Mar, CA and Santa Rosa Island (SRI), CA. The presence of non-native ungulates on SRI from 1833 to 2011 prevented P. torreyana ssp. insularis population expansion. Removal of ungulates stimulated need for a census conducted in 2014 resulting in a 8:1 juvenile to adult ratio (n=24,192). Little known of current reproductive areas & environmental variables (precipitation & leaf litter) related to the recent recruitment of the Island Torrey Pine.